种特征

The paper is organized as follows. In chapter 2, we introduce some concepts about SEA, the abstract SEA model and the convergence definition of algorithm. In chapter 3, we describe firstly the evolution of PMA as an abstract stochastic process, and by characterizing axiomatically the properties of the fundamental selection and evolution operators, we conclude that PMA is essentially a kind of SEA.

本文结构安排如下：第二章介绍了模拟进化算法的一些基本概念、形式化随机过程描述以及收敛性定义；第三章对改进后的 PMA 各操作作了抽象定义，得到了 PMA 的形式化随机过程描述，并公理化地证明了各操作算子为选择或繁殖算子，从而得出 PMA本质上也是一种模拟进化算法；第四章先对选择算子特征数定义作了适当改进，并通过各进化算子的具体特征数指出，如果 PMA 不采取任何执行策略时，算法本身并不收敛。

A new method of linear feature detection based on Beamlet transform is proposed, which can detect lines with any orientation, location and length. The integrity and accuracy of linear feature are kept.

提出了一种基于Beamlet变换的新型特征检测算法，可检测出任何方向、任何位置、任何长度的线性信息，且线性特征的完整性和准确性都得到了很好的保持。

In the three systems, system realizes the crosslinking of PVC bases on the peroxide crosslinking mechanism, the tensile strength of crosslinked PVC has been improved somewhat, the IR spectrum of gel demonstrates that there are characteristic absorption peaks of n-alcohol that belongs to ethanol amine and benzenoid group. From the analysis of gel structure , deduces that the mechanism of crosslinking reaction: under the initiations of peroxide and high temperature, PVC yields macromolecules free radicals, at the same time , styrene"s polymerization and grafting onto PVC takes place, at last the system forms crosslinking structure through coupling between radicals; confirms that triethanol amine can absorb HC1 produced by degradation of PVC, so improves the crosslinking efficiency of peroxide, decreases the HCl"s promotion for PVC"s degradation; deduces that triethanol amine can activate the PVC macromolecules and prolong the free radicals" life-time of PVC macromolecules; the effect to the PVC macromolecule makes styrenes graft reaction easy, and thus improves the crosslinking efficiency.

三种体系中三乙醇胺/过氧化二异丙苯/苯乙烯体系基于过氧化物交联机理实现了聚氯乙烯的交联，聚氯乙烯交联后拉伸强度有一定提高，凝胶红外光谱分析证实了凝胶结构中含有乙醇胺的伯醇基团特征吸收和苯环的特征吸收，由凝胶结构分析，推断出交联反应的机理：聚氯乙烯在过氧化物和热作用下产生大分子自由基，苯乙烯在过氧化物和大分子自由基的作用下发生聚合和接枝反应，最终通过自由基之间的偶合产生交联；证实三乙醇胺可以吸收聚氯乙烯分解产生的HCl，提高了过氧化物的交联效率，消弱了HCl对聚氯乙烯降解的促进作用；推断三乙醇胺可以活化聚氯乙烯大分子并有可能使聚氯乙烯大分子自由基存在的时间得以延长，对聚氯乙烯大分子的作用使苯乙烯的接枝反应易于发生，从而提高了交联效率。

The taxa examined, all of which have simple leaves with entire margins and camptodromous pinnate venation, varied in their secondary venation, which was brochidodromous or brochidodromous to eucamptodromous, the m...

结果表明：含笑属、合果木属Paramichelia和观光木属Tsoongiodendron植物的脉序类型、一级脉、二级脉及其间脉和三级脉等特征表现出较高的一致性，三属间无明显的划分界限；但是，盲脉及其分支、网眼的发育和大小、叶缘末级脉等叶结构特征存在种间差异。

Summarizing and analysing the stability of stratigraphy and the basic characteristics of geological hazard at the Three Gorges Reservoir,the authors put forward the dangerous slope mainly includes bedding slope,hard and soft rock alternation gentle slope,loose accumulative slop,karst breccia slop and layer cataclastic rock slop.The loose accumulative slopes from Fengjie to Badong are most dangerous and need to control.

在总结分析三峡水库区岩层稳定性及地质灾害基本特征的基础上，根据岩性和结构特征，提出三峡水库区存在较为严重失稳隐患的边坡主要有顺层边坡、平缓软硬岩层互层边坡、松散堆积体边坡、岩溶角砾岩边坡和层状碎裂岩边坡等5种类型，其中分布于奉节至巴东段的松散堆积体边坡危险性最大，是需工程防护的重中之重。

The geographical environment elements to form weather disasters in yunnan include low latitude plateau,approaching tropical oceans,complicated topographical features,cliffy mountain,few vegetation,concentrated rainfall,complicated geological structure and strong fault actions.

由于云南复杂的低纬高原地理环境，多样的局地气候背景，特殊的地貌植被状况以及同时受东亚、南亚两支季风的共同作用，形成了鲜明的区域气象灾害特征[1，2]。1 云南气象灾害的特征1.1 种类多、频率高、重叠交错云南自然地理环境特殊，7种气候带交错分布，气候资源丰富，立体气候明显，地域差异大。

The results showed the cultural and morphological characteristics and the bands of DNA RAPD of the ellipsoidal single conidial strains were no much differences from those of cylindrical single conidial strains.

结果表明，在形态学上两种孢子单孢子株之间的培养特征和显微特征均无明显差异，同时具有相同的DNA随机扩增片段电泳谱。

Ina word, the female skulls and male skulls of Yeluyuzhi crania arecompared, there are a few differences in some characteristics, andothers are similar to the male skulls.

耶律羽之组女性颅骨除个别特征表现出性别差异之外，其余种系特征均与男性颇为相似。

With the new lunar gravity models LP165P and GLGM2,we analyze the character of the lunar gravity field,compute corresponding degreewise rms, and give gravity anomaly distribution figures at different height of the two models. Then we analyze and compare the character and difference of the lunar gravity models truncating to different orders and degrees at different height.

通过现有的最新月球重力场模型LP165P和GLGM2模型对月球重力场的特征进行了分析，计算了相应重力场的阶方差，给出了两种模型在月球外部空间不同高度上的重力异常分布图，分析比较了截断至不同阶次的月球重力场模型在不同高度上所反映的月球重力场的特征和差异。

Because of the existence of natural detecting blind area o f general radar on detecting flying object flying in veryˉ low altitude, it is so essential to put forward a suspended bomb t heory which would make use of sound wave's characˉ teristic parameters as its wavelength and spectrum to get the obje ct's direction and position, and to discuss its orientaˉ tion method and embattle model.

由于现有的常规雷达探测超低空飞行的来袭兵器有其固有的盲区，作为雷达的必要补充，利用声音的大小、频谱等特征能够反映声源的方位等特征参数的特性，提出了一种被动声学探测悬浮弹理论，并对其定位算法和布阵模式进行探讨，目的是防御拦截低空超声速巡航导弹。

She gently rebuff ed him, but agreed that they could be friends

她婉言拒绝了，但同意作为朋友相处。

If in the penal farm, you were sure to be criticized.

要是在劳改农场，你等着挨绳子吧！