种特征

As a result, some valuable taxonomicmethods, criteria and our viewpoints were concluded. The morphology ofthe sporus is the main identical base at species level, which include thecharacters of the shape, size, colour, septate and ornament of the wall etc,and some sporus with distinct variable are also useful at genus level.

孢子的特征(包括形状、大小、颜色、隔膜数和表面纹饰等)是种级分类的主要依据，一些形态差异较大的孢子可作为属的划分标准；其次，分生孢子梗的形态特征、产孢细胞的延伸方式及产孢方式也是主要的鉴别依据，对属级水平上该真菌的鉴别有重要意义；另外，培养特征及产孢表型可作为分类鉴定的必要、有益补充。

The comparative investigation of the characteristics of deformation and AE were conducted and the results are presented as followed: 1. The characteristics of rock AE are correlated to the strength, joints, cracks, and the size and hardness of crystalline grain. 2. The sequence of AE can be divided into four phases: beginning phase, tempestuousness phase, drop phase and dreariness phase. The loss and the duration of the phases are correlated to the rock character and flaws in the rock. 3. The AE rate characteristics are not almost concordant with the AE energy rate. 4. Besides the homogeneity, the strength of rock contributes the activity of AE. The higher the strength is, the lower the activity is. 5. There is a dreariness phase before the failure of most kinds of rock. 6. Whether the precursor is obvious is correlated to rock the character, and the precursor of AE rate is more apparent than the precursor of AE energy rate comparatively.

通过对比研究这六种不同岩石的变形和声发射特征发现，岩石声发射受到岩石强度、节理裂隙和晶粒软硬大小等的影响；岩石声发射过程存在初始区、剧烈区、下降区和沉寂区，各个阶段是否存在及持续时间与岩石强度、内部缺陷等有关；岩石的声发射事件率特征与能量率特征并不完全一致；岩石的声发射活性除了受其均匀性影响外，还受到岩石的强度影响，强度越小，声发射活性越强；大多数岩石破坏前存在一声发射沉寂区；岩石的破坏前兆是否明显跟岩性有关，相比较而言，岩石破坏时的声发射率前兆比声发射能量率前兆更为明显一些。

This paper introduces a physical feature-sensitive topological simplification algorithm for planar vector fields to solve the physical feature preserving problem ignored by pre-existing methods. Its central idea is to classify the vector field region under the application-specified physical criterion, and combine the feature detection of a vector field with its topological simplification.

针对现有拓扑简化方法忽略物理特征保持的缺陷，提出一种对物理特征敏感的平面向量场拓扑简化算法，其中心思想是使用为应用定制的物理判据分类向量场区域，将向量场的特征检出与拓扑简化关联起来。

For this purpose, this paper presents a novel clustering algorithm for these mixed data sets by modifying the common cost function, trace of the within cluster dispersion matrix. The Genetic Algorithm is used to optimize the new cost function to obtain valid clustering result.

为此，该文提出了一种基于GA的模糊聚类新算法，通过改进聚类目标函数将数值特征与类属特征相结合，从而实现具有混合属性特征数据的聚类分析；通过引入GA算法能够快速得到全局最优解，而且不依赖于原型初始化。

There are no distinct differences between ancestral character state and descendant character state in some characters. 4. Only one outgroup can't give enough information to tell what the ancestor looks like. It make us not to understand how a lot of charactors evolved. 5. The matsutake group is polyphyletic. 6. The character coding is not precise enough. 7. Some characters are not homology. The result of molecular systematic study on the matstuake group shows the group is not monophyletic. The matsutake group is more closed to Tricholoma than Armillaria. ITS sequence of Catathelasma ventricosum is nearly identical to that of the matsutake group, although apparently they are very different from each other in morphological characters.

对松口蘑群通过形态学特征进行系统发育关系分析造成很大的干扰的原因有：松口蘑的种类大多形态特征比较简单，可提供进行分析的特征不多；某些性状在一些状态之间的反复转化，造成分析上的误差；在进化过程中某些性状无明显的祖征和衍征，在分析过程中很难确定进化极性；选择外群时应该用一个特定类群进行整体理解后，确定各个性状的极性，不要只用单种作为外群；松口蘑群是一个多系群；进行比较的性状不一定是同源的；数量性状编码过于粗放，反映不出真实的情况。

Dominant species were scrutinized, of which 8 species in spring, 7 in summer, 9 in autumn and 13 in winter. All the dominant species were eurythermic and euryhaline characteristic of sub-tropic community structure along seashore. The majority of dominant species were Thalassiosira pacirica , Skeletonema costatum , Nitzschia paradoxa , and Thalassiosira subtilis .

优势种共有37 种：春季8 种、夏季7 种、秋季9 种、冬季13 种，几乎全为广温广盐性沿岸种类，群落结构具有亚热带和沿岸性特征，主要优势种为太平洋海链藻 Thalassiosira pacirica 、中肋骨条藻 Skeletonema costatum 、奇异菱形藻 Nitzschia paradoxa f。

The study focus on the distribution patterns of modern and fossil benthic foraminiferal fauna and their relationship with environmental variables, and the physical and chemical properties of the deep water.

本项目以西太平洋边缘中、深层水体为对象，利用微体古生物学、生物地球化学和年代学方法，通过对现代底栖有孔虫分布特征及其环境控制因子、柱状岩芯中底栖有孔虫属种和形态类型的分布特征、底层水体的温度及营养水平、各主要古环境演化事件时期浮游和底栖有孔虫14C年代学特征等主要内容的研究，综合探索了晚第四纪以来西太平洋边缘中层和深层水体的性质和流通状况的演化史。

The seismic reflectance signatures of the Carboniferous volcanic rocks in the study area are divided into four types, including lobate/wedge reflection, tabular reflection, arc reflection, and mound/mushroom reflection. Based on previous studies and detailed well-seismic correlation, the lithofacies of volcanic rocks corresponding to different seismic reflectance signatures are recognized.

将该区石炭系火山岩体的地震反射特征划分为以下4种：舌状或楔状反射、板状反射、弧状反射、丘状或蘑菇状地震相反射特征；结合前人的研究成果和详细的井震对比，确定了不同的地震反射特征所对应的火山岩岩相。

In this paper, the characteristics of reservoir of reservoir of delta frontal sub-faces of PI Formation in the south of Xingshugang are studied with the data of dense well pattern and rock-mineral identification. The delta frontal sub-faces can be divided into lobate delta frontal sub-faces, branched delta frontal sub- faces and sheeted delta frontal sub-faces. The genetic types of sand bodies in different sedimentary envivonments are analyzed in detail, and the distribution and space-matching relationship of different sand bodies are studied. The micro-pore structure type is studied on the base of the thin section analysis, so the reservoir heterogeneity is studied including plane heterogeneity, interlayer heterogeneity, in-layer heterogeneity and microcosmic characteristic.

利用密井网、岩矿鉴定等资料对杏南地区葡I油层组前缘亚相储层进行研究，将三角洲前缘细分为枝状、朵状、席状3种类型，详细分析了不同沉积环境下砂体的成因类型，描述了不同类型砂体在平面上、空间上的展布特征和组合关系，不同砂体内部性质的差异以及砂体内部微观孔隙结构的类型和分布特征，从平面、层间、层内以及微观特征等方面研究了三角洲前缘储层的非均质性。

An evaluation of system efficiency of the enterprises' logistics system based on dea abstract: the research of the logistics is a crisscross and comprehensive analysis of multilateral subjects,which is of strong attribution of systemility、quantitality and optimality,especially in the rational analysis and evaluation of comparative efficiency of the logistics system.operations research is just a subject which focuses on the attribution of systemility、quantitality and optimality.thus ,here,or takes a very important position.its mentionable that the application of or including its models and methods is often different with those classical models BEC ause of certain especial attribution of the logistics system,as should be noteworthy here.in this paper,a new field of or ―― date envelopment analysis is recommended.dea is usually used to evaluate the comparative efficiency of units in some parallel departments or denominations.in this paper it analyzes the characteristics of the enterprises' logistics and identifies the factor scheme used for the evaluation of its efficiency.

物流研究属于多学科的交叉与综合分析，具有强烈的系统性特征、数量化特征及最优性特征。它们在物流合理化分析和系统相对有效性评价中更为突出。运筹学恰是以系统性、数量化及最优化为核心，因此，在物流合理化研究和系统相对有效性评价中占有重要地位。由于物流系统具有某些特有的属性，故运筹学在其中的运用，包括模型与方法，往往与经典的模式有所不同。本文引入运筹学的一个新领域――数据包络分析（data envelopment analysis ，简称dea）模型，一种用于评价相同类型部门中各成员间的相对有效性的模型，来评价企业物流系统的相对有效性。

In the United States, chronic alcoholism and hepatitis C are the most common ones.

在美国，慢性酒精中毒，肝炎是最常见的。

If you have any questions, you can contact me anytime.

如果有任何问题，你可以随时联系我。