种特征

Two-phase-learning is adopted. The strongpoint is that intuitionistic knowledge can be used to control the segmentation by using input-weight and distant-weight. Examples prove that segmentation using SOFM network is right and efficient. Surface fitting is an absolutely necessarily process in REGM. Surface fitting includes algebraic and parametric surface fitting. Algebraic surface fitting has not extra requirement for data distribute format and boundary shape.

第三种方法把人工智能用于反向工程的数据分区，因为数据分区的实质是相似特征的聚类，而神经网络可以实现自组织特征映射，在本论文中第一次把自组织特征映射神经网络用于多视图点云的数据分区，通过神经网络对数据点的坐标、法向量等几何特征进行聚类，并且运用了快速稳定的训练方法——两阶段训练算法，最重要的是，通过距离权值和输入权值可以把用户观察所得的直观知识加入聚类过程。

This paper studied the lithologic characteristics, porosity and its evaluation, forming mechanisms of six kinds of volcanic rocks, and analyzed the evaluation history and the key factors about the main volcanic reservoirs, including andesite, basalt and tuff, etc.

对研究区火山岩岩性特征、储集空间类型、孔隙演化特征及其主要影响因素进行了深入分析，研究了区内6种火山岩的岩性特征及4个亚类储集空间的发育特征，深入分析了区内主要的火山岩储层如安山岩、玄武岩、火山角砾岩和凝灰岩等的孔隙演化过程及其控制因素。

It also gives the definitions and stochastic properties of pure random process, random walk process and AR(1) autoregressive process, and analyses the simulative data of three typical random processes using wavelet analysis, frequency spectrum analysis and time-correlation analysis. The stochastic properties of time series and the trend component, the time length of time-correlation and the properties of main frequency of these three typical random processes are summarized as the templates for further research.

给出了包括纯随机过程、随机游走过程和 AR(1)自回归过程等在内的基本随机过程的定义和统计特征，并运用小波分析，时间相关和频谱分析对这三种基本随机过程的模拟数据进行分析，归纳出它们在时序上的随机特征、低频信号趋势项特征、时间相关的长短以及主频信号的位置等特点，作为研究 GPS 接收机误差和多路径效应的随机特征的模板。

They both are one of abstract expressions to geographic space and time. By comparison, the latter is the target of GIS development. Feature classification, which must be based on cognitive classificatory theory, is the key to the latter.

二者都是对地理时空的一种抽象表达，对比分析后认为，基于特征的数据组织更符合人们的思维认知习惯，是GIS数据组织追求的目标；基于特征的数据组织方法的关键是特征分类，特征分类必须以认知分类理论为基础。

The surface of conventional engineering part is composed of simple analytical surfaces and four-boundary ruled surface primarily. Therefore a point cloud segmentation method based on those feature surfaces is proposed. Several algorithms to identify the simple analytical surface feature are investigated and discussed. The theory of fitting scattered point to B－Spline and Bézier surfaces is introduced and a fitting method based on four boundary and point set is also discussed. Moreover, anew method to recover the fix-radius rolling ball blend is proposed and discussed in detail.

常规工程零件的外表面中包含了大量的特征曲面，如简单解析曲面和四边直纹面，因此，本文提出基于特征曲面的的点云分割方法，研究几种识别简单解析曲面的算法；研究由点云拟合B－Spline和Bézier曲线的理论基础，总结曲面拟合的几种方法，提出一种反求定半径滚球圆角的方法。

Formerly cautious to the point of being uncommunicative, my companions had changed out of recognition.

恒有伴生种加特征种构成群丛或更高级分类单位的"特征种组合"。

Furthermore, out of 497 fAFLP markers, 80 special bands were found to be able to distinguish the four groups from each other and may be applied for germplasm characterization and molecular assistant classification of Meretrix clam.4 Molecular classification of two species of Meretrix clam based on fAFLP and ITS sequences4.1 The results of fAFLP maker analysis of S, G and W showed that each group had their own specific loci among which there were 53 special loci in W group, much more than those of S group (14) and G group (21). Among the 53 loci, nine were all dominant loci. These unique loci could be taken as molecular markers to distinguish W from other groups. The genetic similarity indexes and distance matrix between S and G groups were 0.9585 and 0.0424 respectively, but the genetic similarity indexes and distance matrix between W group and S or G group was 0.7939 or 0.7941, and 0.2308 or 0.2305 respectively. The results revealed that significant difference existed between W and S or G groups in molecular genetic structure. The phylogenetic trees by the methods of UPGMA and NJ also indicated that S and G populations were very closely related, while W population was a relatively independent cluster, lying beyond the species which S and G belong to.4.2 The internal transcribed spacer region of the rDNA from S group, G group and W group were PCR amplified and sequenced. The results showed that the size of ITS ranged between 1266-1269bp in W group, while those in G and S groups were 1614bp and 1520bp respectively. The GC content ranged 62.32-62.62% in W group while it was 61.77% in G group. The genetic distances between three populations of W group were 0.001～0.003, but it was 0.110 or 0.147 respectively between W group and G group or S group. Phylogenetic trees by NJ method also showed that G group was very closely related to S group, while W group was a relatively independent cluster.

在457个总扩增位点中找出了53个W的特有位点，远多于S群体(14)和G(21)群体，而且在53个特有位点中有9个出现频率为100%的位点，这些位点可以作为区分其它2个群体的特征性标记；S– G群体特有的位点有112个，其中有4个位点出现频率为100%，可作为S– G群体区别于W群体的特征性标记。S群体和G群体间的遗传相似性系数为0.9585，遗传距离只有0.0424，在NJ和UPGMA法构建的亲缘关系的树状图上均首先聚在一起，说明二者的亲缘关系很近，应属于种内群体间的关系；而W与S和G的遗传相似性系数均较小(0.7939和0.7941)，相对遗传距离很大而且十分相近(0.2308和0.2305)，在亲缘关系树状图上单独分出一支，也表明W与S和G群体间的亲缘关系较远。4.2 ITS序列比较分析通过对白壳文蛤、山东文蛤和广西文蛤的ITS序列扩增电泳、PCR-RFLP分析和ITS序列分析发现，W的ITS序列长度在1266-1269 bp，而S和与G的ITS序列总长度分别为1520 bp和1614 bp；从ITS1和ITS2长度来看，W分别为739-741 bp和316-317 bp，S为895 bp和414 bp，G为987 bp和416 bp；而从ITS碱基组成来看，W的GC含量在62.32-62.62%之间，而G群体为61.77%。W的3个壳色不同群体间的遗传距离仅0.001、0.002和0.003，S与G群体间的遗传距离是0.010，说明W群体内变异很小，而S与G群体间已出现明显的遗传分化，但还均属于种内群体间的遗传变异；而W与G和S的遗传距离分别达到0.110、0.147，两个类群差异显著，已远超出种内群体间的遗传变异。

The researches show that fan delta, alluvial plain, delta, lacus and sublacustrine fan develop, each sedimentary facies are divided into several subfacis again. The probability cumulative grain size curves incude "uphill arched arc" pattern, one segment pattern, bi-segment pattern, tri-segments pattern, multi-segments pattern, complicated bi-segment pattern, complicated tri-segments pattern,"low slope multi-segments" pattern,"high slope multi-bouncing population-one suspension population" pattern,"high slope multi-bouncing population-one suspension population-transitional zone" pattern,"high slope and multi-bouncing population" pattern,"broadly uphill arched arc" pattern and so on, each subfacis has own peculiar probability cumulative grain size curves.

研究表明，该地区发育的沉积相有扇三角洲、冲积平原、三角洲、湖泊、湖底扇，每一种沉积相又分为几种沉积亚相类型；该地区碎屑岩的粒度概率累积曲线特征主要包括：&上拱弧形&式、一段式、两段式、三段式、多段式、复杂两段式和复杂三段式、&低斜多段&式、&高斜多跳一悬&式和&高斜多跳一悬夹过渡&式、&高斜多跳&式、&宽缓上拱&式等，每种沉积亚相类型对应其独特的粒度概率累积曲线特征。

Using the perspective drawing formation principle,this paper makes comprehensive elaboration of one-point perspective,two-point perspectives and three-point perspectives formation principle with the matrix representation method,and infers one essential method to these three kinds of perspectives formation principle which the perspective reverses,uses this essential method to reverse the picture's some characteristic point coordinates,then completes the reconstruction object's three-dimensional model with these characteristic point coordinates and carries on the confirmation using the surface,the body,these two kinds of fundamental elements as examples.

利用透视图的形成原理，对一点透视、两点透视和三点透视的形成原理用矩阵表示的方法作了全面的阐述，并对这三种透视的形成原理进行反推，推导出透视反求的一种基本方法，利用这种基本方法反求出图片的一些特征点的坐标，然后用这些特征点的坐标来完成重建物体的三维模型，并以图像中面、体两种基本元素为例进行了验证。

It is concluded in Chapter Eight that: 1 linguistic proficiencies in three languages play a considerable part in code-switching of EFL teachers in trilingual context; the inter-sentential switching outweighs the intra-sentential switching both in frequencies and percentage; discourse-related switching also outweighs participant-related switching in frequencies and percentage; the EFL is maintained longest in EFL classroom and the language maintained second longest depends upon learners" higher proficiency in Chinese or Tibetan. 2 Ethnic identity and educational background is the major causal factor of EFL teachers" Chinese-English switching in trilingual classroom; duration of language contact and relative trilingual proficiencies are the two principal contributors to the English-Tibetan switching; while Tibetan-English switching is mainly driven by EFL teachers" ethnic identity and education background, as well as the duration of language contact; English-Chinese switching is also largely motivated by the duration of trilingual contact; and Chinese-Tibetan switching is determined by trilingual proficiency to a considerable extent. Meanwhile, psychologically, the switching is mainly motivated by a procedure of psychological projection, trilingual system conceptualization and the mentality of trilingual selection. 3 The educational reflections upon this study indicate: firstly, in trilingual context, the teachers" classroom discourse is characterized by the multilingual involvement, flexibility in strategy option as well as the extension and strengthening of the domination of teachers" discourse. Secondly, the discourse movement and code-switching are largely affected by two cultural ecological mechanisms: enculturation and cultural manipulation. Thirdly, the status quo of EFL trilingual teachers are characterized by unbalanced trilingual proficiencies, poor cultural awareness, and little knowledge of trilingual education and trilingual code-switching, therefore, suggestions are advanced in the end to provide them further education. Fourthly, in trilingual context, the EFL curriculum for ethnic minorities is characterized by plurality of aims, complexity of organization and variety of resources. Meanwhile, it is of great necessity to understand the linguistic values of EFL education for ethnic minority learners. To be specific, firstly, we should not only have a deep understanding of the distribution, construction, function as well as communicative effects of the three languages, but also have a comparative study of the three languages and thus provide the standardization and guidance for the trilingual education. In the end, it is advanced that trilingual EFL provision for ethnic minority should pursue to develop learners" multicultural value system in which first language culture and mother language culture take the central position and EFL culture plays a vital role.

3在三语环境下，教师课堂话语具有话语形态多元化、话语选择策略具有灵活性和教师话语权得到延伸和拓展等特征；文化涵化和文化操控是影响三语教师课堂语码转换的两种文化生态机制；参差不齐的三语水平、淡薄的多元文化意识和对三语教学和语码转换缺乏科学认识是我国目前三语师资的主要特点，因此应对三语教师进行职后继续教育；在三语环境下，民族外语课程具有课程目标多元化、课程组织复杂化和课程资源多样化等特点；应对民族外语教育的语言价值进行审视和解读，对三种语言在课堂话语中的分布趋势、结构特征、功能作用和交际效果等问题进行深入研究，加强对三种语言间的对比分析研究，同时对民族外语教育中的三语教学进行规范和指导；在强调民族文化和二语文化在三语文化格局中心地位和外语文化的重要作用的同时，民族地区的外语教育应以构建多元文化价值观为其文化追求。

In the United States, chronic alcoholism and hepatitis C are the most common ones.

在美国，慢性酒精中毒，肝炎是最常见的。

If you have any questions, you can contact me anytime.

如果有任何问题，你可以随时联系我。