种性状

Main results obtained are as follows:(1) Morphological diversities among/within populations were discussed by analyzing characters such as apical bud, leaf, acorn and cupule.

主要结果如下：(1)表型多样性的研究结果：表型性状的方差分析表明蒙古栎种内表型性状在群体间和群体内差异都极显著(α=0.01)。

Thus, in order to justify any normative conclusion in answer to question (3), whether this is specific or general, one must make use of a normative premiss like in these examples, which says something about dispositions to be promoted, and of a factual premiss like which says that a certain method or practice is necessary, sufficient, or at least helpful for the promotion of those dispositions.

因此，为了证明问题（3）的答案中任何规范性的结论，无论这是具体的还是一般的，我们必须运用一种规范性的前提如在这些例子中，它讨论了一些有关性状被提升的事，还必须运用一种事实性的前提如，它讨论了一种特定的方法或实践，对那些性状的改善来说，是必需的、足够的，或至少是有帮助的。

Has also been considered during the revision.More than 1,100 specimens from 11 herbaria worldwide have been examined. After having studied the characteristics, phenology and ecological habit, we have gotten the morphological figures of each species. The characteristics of the disputed species have been studied in detail and have been quantitatively analyzed though scatter-map.

查阅和借阅了2个国家11个标本馆1100余份南五味子属标本，对世界范围的南五味子属种类作了整理，描绘了每个种的性状特征、物候期、生态习性，绘出了形态线描图，讨论了与其近缘属种间的关系；对在分类学上有争议的种类进一步进行解剖和测量，详细记录枝、叶、花、果实、种子等的形状、大小、数目、颜色、毛被等数据或信息，绘制散点图，对各种性状作定量研究，进行分析、归纳与分类。

The protoplast fusion between hyperparasitic Streptomyces F46 and actinomycetes SC1 and SC11 was studied for getting the fusants recombined excellent characteristics of both parents.

为了提高现有生防放线菌的综合性状，试验将本研究室分离保存的3种各具不同优良性状的生防放线菌F46、SC1和SC11作为亲本，开展双亲和3亲本的原生质体融合，通过研究，获得了综合亲本优良性状的新型高效生防菌株。

Japonica. Brief speculation on the evolutionary trend of the seed-coat micromorphological features of the genus Kadsura is discussed.Cladistic principles and methods have been employed in this study. The morphological characters have been polarized for phylogenetic analysis. Cladograms have been gotten with the related genus Illicium as the outgroup. As a result, a new system of the genus Kadsura has been reconstructed.

整理有关南五味子属植物研究的资料，补充搜集整理近期发表的资料和作者研究所得的数据，采用分支系统学的原理及方法，对本属植物的形态性状进行分析，确定性状极性，以种为基本进化单元，选择近缘且原始的八角属Illicium作为外类群，采用PAUP软件，对本研究得出的性状数据作系统分析，重建南五味子属的系统发育。

Morifolium is different in some botanic characters:"Hongxinju" was higher than other cultivars on height of plant, length of lamina, diameter of stem and agricultural character;"Xiaobaiju" is the best on the ramification and the quantity of capitulum on individual plant;"Dabaiju" is the most on the quantity and layer number of ligulate flower;"Changbanju" is me longest on the capitulum diameter and corolla of ligulate flower.2, The plant height, rate of dried material accumulate and chlorophyll content of four medicinal C.

本研究采用比较分析的方法，于2001年和2002年在同一栽培条件下，对江苏省射阳县多年栽培的药用白菊花种内分化的4个主要药用白菊花栽培类型，进行植物学形态、内在质量、苗期耐盐性、产量性状等方面进行了比较系统的研究，结果如下： 1、4个主要药用白菊花栽培类型在植物学性状方面存在一定的差异；红心菊株高最高，茎杆较粗，叶片最大，农艺性状较好；小白菊每株头状花序数最多，小白菊分枝性好；大白菊舌状花层数、数目最多；长瓣菊花序直径最大，舌状花花冠最长。

Muscari Bailey is larger. The relationship among the characteristics are complex. A well coordinated study would be necessary for any characteristic selection and new variety breeding.

因此，短葶山麦冬种内性状变异较大，各性状间存在较复杂的相互关系，在性状选择与良种繁育时应该注意协调好。

When the oppositifolious character is in different genetic background, the process and efficiency of orientational selection is different.

通过F4代的26个转育的对生自交系进行对生性状的连续10代定向选择，以及三种不同的组配方式（对生×互生、对生×对生、互生×互生）对对生率的影响的研究，结果表明：连续定向选择是获得稳定对生系是一种有效的技术途径，对生性状在不同的遗传背景下，其定向选择的进程和效率是不同的。

Therefore, we selected common species of Ranunculaceae. comparative primordial plants in Alpine Meadow at Eastern QinghaiTibetan Plateau, and studied the reproductive strategies, such as reproductive allocation, especially sex allocation, to understand how the plants adapt the environmental conditions. The results showed:(1) At higher altitude, the self-incompatible plant, such as Trollius ranunculoides tended to become limited by pollination rather than by nutrient availability, while the self-compatible plants, such as Anemone rivularis and A. obtusiloba seemed not to be limited by pollen availability, which suggested that ability of self pollination for alpine plants may be a mechanism of reproductive assurance.(2) Influences induced by high altitude on the reproduction of these species occurred on different reproductive characters, which suggest species-specific adaptive strategies. The influences are dependent on plant size to some extent.

因此，我们选择在青藏高原东部的高寒草甸，以比较原始的植物类群—毛茛科植物为研究对象，选择一些常见种探讨其繁殖对策，如繁殖分配和性分配问题，试图揭示这些植物如何适应环境条件，最后的结果表明： 1高寒草甸高海拔区，自交植物(如小花草玉梅A.rivularis和钝裂银莲花A.obtusiloba)的繁殖不受花粉限制，而完全异交植物(毛茛状金莲花T.ranunculoides)的繁殖受花粉限制，表明高海拔地区植物的白花授粉能力可能是一种繁殖保障机制，能够避免恶劣环境对植物有性繁殖的不利影响； 2海拔高度对植物的影响因种而异，不同的物种受影响的繁殖性状不同，即使同属亲缘种间也存在差异，表明不同物种对相似环境压力的适应对策不同；而且，海拔高度对植物的影响在一定程度上依赖于植物个体大小，说明植物通过调整其个体大小与繁殖性状的关系来适应环境梯度的变化； 3植物花期和果期的繁殖分配并不完全随海拔升高而减小(只有小花草玉梅的果期RA随海拔升高而减小30％)，与Iwasa和Cohen的预测不完全一致(他们认为繁殖分配随生长季缩短而减小)。

The effect of a certain CMS cytoplasm on different characters of F_1 is dissimilar and different CMS cytoplasms have vary effects on a same character.Most of CMS cytoplasms present negative effects.

同一种不育细胞质对不同性状的效应是不同的；不同的不育细胞质对同一性状的效应也存在着差异；且对大多数性状表现为负向效应。

In the United States, chronic alcoholism and hepatitis C are the most common ones.

在美国，慢性酒精中毒，肝炎是最常见的。

If you have any questions, you can contact me anytime.

如果有任何问题，你可以随时联系我。