种子植物

It indicated evidently tropical floristic remnant and affinity in the Alsophila spinulosa community. Comparing with the fossil flora from late Cretaceous and Tertiary (i.e. Northeast China flora, Fushun flora in Liaoning, Jinggu flora in Yunnan and Shanwang in Shandong) in China, pteridophyte flora of the Reserve was quite similar to that of late Cretaceous. Nevertheless, its spermatophyte flora was little similar to that of Tertiary, where angiosperm were booming in that period.

将之与中国晚白垩纪和新生代第三纪中国东北、辽宁抚顺、云南景谷、山东山旺化石植物类群相比，发现桫椤群落中蕨类植物成分与其晚白垩纪化石植物群有着高度的相似性，而其种子植物组成与其后兴起的第三纪被子化石群不甚相似。

Currently, the China Sea recorded in a variety of marine coelenterate, a total of 1010 kinds of yes, they belong to the three key link Coelenterata. 8, marine plants, marine plants can simply be divided into two categories: low-algae and higher plants the seeds of plants.

目前，在中国海记录到各种海洋腔肠动物，共计是1010种，它们分属于腔肠动物门的三个纲。8、海洋植物，海洋植物可以简单分为两大类：低等的藻类植物和高等的种子植物。

Other courses like dendrology for gardening, taxonomy of seed plants, plant classification or plant systematics may be similar or overlap in some degrees. However, dendrology focuses on woody plants, especially on trees from gymnosperms and dicotylerdons of angiosperms. Dendrology for gardening is more suitable for students from specialties relating to gardening.

类似并可以在一定程度上起替代的课程为园林树木学、种子植物分类学、植物分类学或植物系统学，但树木学主要侧重于木本植物的分类，而且主要集中在裸子植物和被子植物的双子叶植物纲上中；园林树木学则主要适用于园林相关专业的学生。

Climatic gradients were based on data sets from 841 meteorological stations throughout China. Definitions for floristic distributional patterns were based upon the work of Prof. Z. Y. Wu. Most of these floristic distributional patterns were strongly correlated with the geographic gradients in climate, except for cosmopolitan, cultivated and invasive genera. Tropical genera form a large fraction of the total genera (ranging from 0.84% to 94.38% in the regional floras) with the highest proportion in southern Yunnan and Hainan Island. Tropical genera occur predominantly in southern China of 0° N latitude and decreased with increasing latitude, as would be expected. Interestingly, the disjunct Tropical Asia and Tropical America distribution were not restricted to southern latitudes. Temperate genera account for 5.1% to 98.83% of the total genera in regional floras with the highest proportion in the province of Xinjiang. Most of these genera followed geographic gradients in climate as expected (temperate genera conspicuously dominate the landscape at higher latitudes), except the East Asian and North American disjunct distribution, Eastern Asian distribution and Chinese endemic distribution. Generally, most plant genera demonstrated some correlation with climatic and geographic gradients. The most important gradients were those of annual air temperature and precipitation. A small fraction did not demonstrate significantly particular pattern:"Cosmopolitan","East Asian and North American disjunct","Eastern Asian" and "Chinese endemic" distributions. The North Temperate distribution had the highest correlation with mean annual air temperature and precipitation.

结果如下：(1)除世界分布、栽培和入侵成分外，大部分中国种子植物属的地理成分的分布与地理相关密切；(2)热带分布属（泛热带分布、热带亚洲至热带美洲间断分布、旧世界热带分布、热带亚洲至热带大洋洲分布、热带亚洲至热带非洲分布及热带亚洲分布合计）占各地方植物区系的0.84%到94.38%，其最低值出现在中国西北部的新疆和青海地区，最高值出现在中国云南南部和海南；(3)热带分布属在＜北纬30°的地区占优势，除热带亚洲至热带美洲间断分布外，其它热带成分随纬度增加迅速减少；(4)温带分布属（北温带分布、东亚和北美间断分布、旧世界温带分布、温带亚洲分布、地中海区、西亚到中亚分布、中亚分布和东亚分布合计）占各地方植物区系的5.1%至98.83%，其最高值出现在中国西北部的新疆地区，最低值出现在中国云南南部和海南；(5)除东亚和北美间断分布、东亚分布和中国特有分布外，其它温带成分随纬度增加迅速增加；(6)在温带成分中，东亚和北美间断分布及东亚分布属主要出现在中国亚热带到暖温带地区，北温带分布、旧世界温带分布和温带亚洲分布属在中国北部占优势，而地中海区、西亚到中亚分布和中亚分布属则在中国西北部占优势；(7)除世界分布、东亚和北美间断分布、东亚分布和中国特有分布外，所有其他成分都显示了与气候因素密切相关，其中，北温带分布属与年均温和年降雨量最为密切相关。

Any of various vascular plants,including seed plants and fern s,having a conducting system of xylem and phloem.

导管植物任何种类的维管植物，包括种子植物和蕨类植物，具有木质部和韧皮部导管系统

We highlight our results as follows:(1) the proportion of wild seed plants found on the Red List to total seed plant species was lower in China than in Japan, but the degree of threat for gymnosperms was higher in China than in Japan;(2) several hydrophyte families were not listed on the Red List of China, but have been severely threatened in Japan;(3) the number of cosmopolitan genera endangered in China was fewer than in Japan; and (4) among species threatened in both China and Japan, there was a large proportion of common species, sister species, and closely related species.

研究发现：(1)中国红色名录中濒危植物的种类占其所有野生种子植物的比例显著低于日本，但裸子植物的濒危程度却极其显著地高于日本；(2)部分水生植物科未列入中国红色名录，但在日本已受到严重威胁；(3)中国红色名录中出现的世界分布属显著少于日本；(4)两国濒危植物中有大量共有种、姊妹种或近缘种。

In the latter part of the Paleocene , large angiosperm fruits and seeds evoled and diversified.

在古新世后半期，大型种子植物的果实和种子进化和多样化，与此同时，食用果实和种子的哺乳动物也发生进化以及多样化。

Objective:To explore the resources of medicinal plants in the Funiu Mountain.for reasonable exploitation resource of medicinal spermatophyte.

medicinal spermatophyte ；目的：通过对河南伏牛山药用种子植物资源调查，为合理开发药用种子植物资源提供参考。

In the part of seed plants, students should grasp various groups, key families, genera and their characters, distribution, phylogenic meaning and economic value, relationship among each group, and also should know the theory elements of the current spermatophyte systematics and their difference each other.

在种子植物部分，要求学生掌握各大类群，关键科、属及其特征，分布，系统学意义以及经济价值，各类群之间的亲缘关系；对流行的种子植物系统的理论基础和它们之间的不同点有所了解。

Cognized to vessel of cycads,help us to understand the mechanism which these most primitive seed plants extant how to adapted to harsh environments and their evolutionary level,and has significance to use efficiency measure protect these rarity plants and has significance to plant anatomy,plant systematics and plant evolution.

对苏铁类植物导管的认识，对于我们进一步了解现存最原始的种子植物对严酷环境的适应机制和进化状况，对于采取有效措施保护这些珍稀的植物类群，以及对于结构植物学、植物进化和生态学等研究方面均具有重要的意义。

And Pharaoh spoke to Joseph, saying, Your father and your brothers have come to you.

47：5 法老对约瑟说，你父亲和你弟兄们到你这里来了。

Additionally, the approximate flattening of surface strip using lines linking midpoints on perpendicular lines between geodesic curves and the unconditional extreme value method are discussed.

提出了用测地线方程、曲面上两点间短程线来计算膜结构曲面测地线的方法，同时，采用测地线间垂线的中点连线和用无约束极值法进行空间条状曲面近似展开的分析。