种姓

The Sanskrit term varna denotes a group of jati, or the system of caste.

梵语长期瓦尔纳指一组贾蒂，或制度的种姓。

The origin of the Caste includes mostly varna theory, occupation theory, race theory, religion theory, Aryans' family system theory, aboriginal of India culture theory etc..

种姓的起源大致包括："瓦尔纳"论、职业论、种族论、宗教论、雅利安人家庭制度论、土著文化论等等。

They were an ever shifting crowd of people of all castes and creeds: Hindus and Brahmos, Vaishnavas and Saktas, the educated with university degrees and the illiterate, old and young, maharajas and beggars, journalists and artists, pundits and devotees, philosophers and the worldly-minded, jnanis and yogis, men of action and men of faith, virtuous women and prostitutes, office-holders and vagabonds, philanthropists and self-seekers, dramatists and drunkards, builders-up and pullers-down.

他们是一群流动人群，来自所有种姓和教派：印度教和梵天派，毗瑟奴派和性力派，包括有受过大学教育的人和文盲；老人和年轻人；王公和乞丐；记者和艺术家；梵文学者和奉献者；哲学家和营求名利的人；智者和瑜伽士；行动型的人和虔信型的人；贞洁的妇女和妓女；政府官员和流浪汉；慈善家和利己主义者；剧作家和醉汉。

The fourth author is Brahmin, the name which was given to the Atharvan priest, which eventually became so sacred that it was used as a name not only for the priestly caste but even for God the Creator.

第四作者是婆罗门，名称是考虑到Atharvan牧师，最终变得如此神圣的，它被用来作为一个名称不仅对祭司种姓，但即使是上帝造物主。

It is not constituted by endogamous groups, as is the Hindu Brahmanic hierarchy but by individuals and their families, for whom there is more possibility for mobility through and within interpersonal relations and through individual and intergenerational acquisition of civilisational achievements, military and civil.

这个级序与印度婆罗门阶序有所不同，组成这个阶序的不是同系种姓族群而是个体和他们的家族，对他们而言有更大空间通过人际关系来进行迁移，并且通过个体学习以及两代间的传承获得军事和民间的文明成就。

The relation between Brahmans and kings is particularly important in this respect (Fuller 1991), the pairing and separation of Brahmanic responsibility for the cosmos and sovereign responsibility for rule; their separation meant that was never a single Brahmanic empire, just kingdoms linked by the Brahmanic hierarchies of caste and ritual.

婆罗门和国王的关系在这方面尤其重要(Fuller 1991)，婆罗门控制传播思想意识，君主统治国家以及掌控思想，两者结合并分离；职责的分立意味着独立的婆罗门帝国是不存在的，存在的是婆罗门传播的阶级种姓制度和仪式世代相传从而王国世代延续。

Estimates range from 2000 to 3000 different castes established by Brahmanical law throughout India, each region having its own distinct groups defined by craft and fixed by custom.

估计从2000年至3000不同种姓法律设立的Brahmanical印度各地，每个区域有自己独特的群体界定的工艺和固定的习惯。

Rabindranath Tagore was a Bengali writer, philosopher, composer, and artist. He was born in Calcutta in 1861 to the founding family of Brahmoism – India's first casteless movement – and received the Nobel Prize for Literature in 1913. He was knighted in 1915 but renounced his knighthood when he joined the Indian independence movement.

拉宾德拉纳特泰戈尔，孟加拉作家、哲学家、作曲家、艺术家。1861年出生在加尔各答，他的父母是印度历史上第一个非种姓运动梵教主义的创始人。1913年获诺贝尔文学奖。1915年被封为&骑士&，但在加入印度独立运动时，他放弃了这个爵位。

of this study:(1) The content of conversion to Buddhist movement by Dr. Ambedkar is: to achieve an ideal society of liberty, equality, and fraternity, which is justice and casteless.

本研究结论为：（1）安贝卡改信佛教运动的内涵是：实践自由、平等、博爱的理想社会，亦即一个公正、无种姓制度的印度社会。

He came into conflict with Gandhi over Gandhi's insistence on extreme political decentralization, but also helped resolve Gandhi's fast unto death for casteless electorates.

在甘地坚持极端的&政治去中心化&政策时，泰戈尔与他发生冲突；但在甘地为无种姓选民争取民权采取&绝食至死&的政策时，泰戈尔又帮助他解决了问题。

This one mode pays close attention to network credence foundation of the businessman very much.

这一模式非常关注商人的网络信用基础。

Cell morphology of bacterial ghost of Pasteurella multocida was observed by scanning electron microscopy and inactivation ratio was estimated by CFU analysi.

扫描电镜观察多杀性巴氏杆菌细菌幽灵和菌落形成单位评价遗传灭活率。