种

Determined the core species and the species concerned, the core species contains 8 species of fishes, 7 species of amphibians, 3 species of reptiles, 7 species of mammals, 7 species of birds, 10 species of plants, and 7 types of plant communities, totally 38 species and 7 types of communities. Four species of waterfowls: Siberian Crane, Oriental White Stork, Lesser White-fronted Goose and Chinese Merganser are among the 7 species of core bird species.

确定了核心物种与受关注物种，其中核心物种分别包括鱼类8种、两栖类3种、爬行类3种、兽类7种、鸟类7种、植物10种，植物群落7种，共38个物种与7种群落。7种鸟类核心物种中，水禽有4种，即白鹤、东方白鹳、小白额雁、中华秋沙鸭。4。

Major results were summarized as follows:(1) A total of 58 tree species from 53 genera in 36 families among which 8 species were Rosaceae, 5 species were Liliaceae, 5 species were Eriaceae, 3 species were Ranunculaceae, 3 species were Compositae, 2 species were Cupressaceae, 2 species were Caprifoliaceae, 2 species were Umblliferae, and other 28 tree species were only one receptively. These were recorded in the 8 plots of the A. georgei var. smithii forest;(2) Number of families, genera, species and Margalef index correlated negatively with altitude (P.05), with a peak at 3600 m.(3) Shannon-Wiener index correlated negatively with altitude (P.01), and maintained stable at the altitudes between 3700~4100 m, evenness with altitudes, however, this trend was insignificant.(4) Jaccard index increased sharply with increasing altitude at the altitudes between 3600~4100 m, and was lower between different vegetation types at the altitudes between 4100~4200. Cody index β(subscript c decreased with an increasing altitude, but there were 2 troughs between 4000~4100 m and 4200~4300 m.(5) Maximum tree height H(subscript max and HH(subscript max=37 mcorrelated negatively with altitude (P.05); but basal area and BA BA(subscript max=5.3m^2 correlated with altitudes, however, this trend was insignificant.

结果表明：(1)在调查的8个急尖长苞冷杉林样地内共有植物58种，分属于36科53属，其中植物较多的科有蔷薇科8种、百合科5种、杜鹃花科5种、毛茛科3种、菊科3种、柏科2种、忍冬科2种、伞形科2种，其余的28科各只有1个种；(2)物种科、属、种数、Margalef指数D(下标 M与海拔存在显著的负相关性(P.05)，在分布急尖长苞冷杉最低海拔3600m处出现物种丰富度的最大值；(3)多样性指数与海拔之间有极显著的负相关性(P.01)，并且在3700~4100m之间多样性指数保持稳定；均匀度指数与海拔梯度之间存在负相关性，但不显著；(4)Jaccard指数C(下标 j在海拔3600~4100m随海拔的升高而升高，在生境过渡带的4100~4200m之间Jaccard指数C(下标 j较低；Cody指数β(下标 c随海拔的升高呈下降的趋势，但在4000~4100m和4200~4300m 海拔区间出现2个低谷；(5)最大树高H(下标 max和最大胸径DBH(下标 max与海拔之间存在显著负相关性(P.05)；胸高断面积之和和立木密度与海拔之间存在负相关性，但不显著。

A total of 106 species were recorded as being eaten by Asian elephants, among them 83 species were identified in elephant's dung. Plant families that contributed a major proportion of elephant's diet in the study area were: Gramineae (8 spp., 10.0%), Moraceae (7 spp., 9.9%), Papilionaceae (4 spp., 8.4%), Araliaceae (3 spp., 6.6%), Vitaceae (3 spp., 5.7%), Apocynaceae (3 spp., 4.6%), Musaceae (1 spp., 4.2%), Zingiberaceae (3 spp., 3.7%), Myrsinaceae (3 spp., 3.6%), Rosaceae (3 spp., 3.6%), Euphorbiaceae (5 spp., 3.3%), Ulmaceae (2 spp., 3.0%) and Mimosaceae (4 spp., 2.9%).

结果显示，野外跟踪调查共记录有106种植物被亚洲象所取食，其中有83种出现在象的粪便中，这些种类分别属于：禾本科8种(10.0%)、桑科7种(9.9%)、蝶形花科4种(8.4%)、五加科3种(6.6%)、葡萄科3种(5.7%)、夹竹桃科3种(4.6%)、芭蕉科l种(4.2%)、姜科3种(3.7%)、紫金牛科3种(3.6%)、蔷薇科3种(3.6%)、大戟科5种(3.3%)、榆科2种(3.0%)、含羞草科4种(2.9%)13个植物科。

In this thesis,the AM1,MNDO,MINDO/3(mainly AM1)and INDO/S-CI semiempirical MO methods were used toinvestigate the excited-state intramolecular protontransfer reactions of salicylic acid derivatives—salicylic acid,methyl salicylate,salicylaldehyde,o-hydroxyaceto-phenone,salicylamide and 3-hydroxy-picolinamide (6 conformers and 2-3 anion species);2-(2'-hydroxy-5' methylphenyl) benzotriazole(4 conformers),2-(2' hydroxyphenyl) benzimidazole (3 conformers and 3anion species),Bis-2,5-(2-benzoxazolyl)hydroquinone(3 conformers),2-(2'-hydroxyphenyl)benzothiazole(2conformers) and 7-azaindole dimer (2 conformers).Theinvestigations were described as follows.Geometry optimization,relative stability andhydrogen bonding energy First,for sylicylic acid derivative molecules,the AM1,MNDO and MINDO/3 methods were used toinvestigate ground-state geometry optimization,energies,relative stabilities and hydrogen-bondingenergies on the five kinds of the molecules(designing 6 conformers and 2-3 anion species).Comparing with experimental data,the optimizedgeometry,the order of stability,the hydrogen-bonding energies and the distances between O-O in O-H..O hydrogen bonds by AM1 method were in agreementwith the experimental data,however,the C-C bondlengths optimized by MNDO and MINDO/3 were longer,C-O and O-H bond lengths were shorter;for C-N bondlengths,the results opitimized by MNDO method werethe same as those by AM1 method,nevertheless the C-Nbond lengths given by MINDO/3 method were muchshorter.For some sylicylic acid derivatives(e.g.methyl salicylate,salicylamide),the order ofstabilities on the conformers given by MNDO andMINDO/3 methods were not in agreement with theexisting conformers deduced by experimental methods,and the hydrogen bonding energies calculated by MNDO.and MINDO/3 methods were smaller.Second,the studyon the other systems found that the optimizedgeometry of the proton-transfered product with INDOmethod could not be obtained,only could theoptimized geometry of reactant be obtained,and thecalculated hydrogen bonding energies were greater.Many results of calculation indicated that the studyon the excited-state intramolecular proton transferreaction system using AM1 method was suitable andreliable.

本论文用AM1、MNDO、MINDO/3（主要是AM1）和INDO/S-CI半经验分子轨道方法对水杨酸衍生物系列——水杨酸、水杨酸甲酯、水杨醛、O-羟基乙酰苯酮、水杨酰胺和3-羟基吡啶酰胺（6种异构体和2-3种阴离子）；2-（2'-羟基-5'-甲基苯基）苯并三〓唑（4种异构体）；2-（2'-羟基苯基）苯并咪唑（3种异构体和3种阴离子）；2，5-二间氮杂氧茚氢醌（3种异构体）；2-（2'-羟基苯基）间〓杂硫茚（2种异构体）和7-〓吲哚二体（2种异构体）的激发态分子内质子转移反应在以下几个方面进行了较系统的理论研究：几何构型优化和相对稳定性及氢键能首先以水杨酸衍生物系列分子为例，用AM1、MNDO和MINDO/3方法考察了5种分子（每种分子设计6种异构体和2-3种阴离子）的基态几何构型优化，能量、相对稳定性和氢键能计算，通过和实验数据进行比较，AM1方法给出的优化几何构型、稳定性次序、氢键能和O—H。。。O氢键的0—0距离与实验数据吻合最好，MNDO和MINDO/3方法优化的C-C键长偏长，C-O键和O-H键长偏短；对于C-N键长，MNDO和AM1优化结果差别不大，而MINDO/3给出了过短的C-N键长，MNDO和MINDO/3方法给出的有些水杨酸衍生物分子（如水杨酸甲酯和水杨酰胺）异构体的稳定性次序和实验上推测的可存在异构体结果不一致，MNDO和MINDO/3方法给出的氢键能偏低，对其他体系的研究发现INDO方法常常不能得到质子转移产物的优化几何构型，只能得到反应物的优化构型，并且估算的氢键能偏高，大量的计算结果表明AM1方法对本论文研究的激发态分子内质子转移反应体系是适宜和可靠的。

Result 237 species belongingto 62 genera, 14 families have been recorded, of which Culicidae 9 species, Ceratopogonidae 19 species, Tabanidae 23 species, Simuliidae 6 species, Phlebotmidae 3 species, Pulicoidea 143 species, Ixodidae 7 species, Trombiculidae 23 species and Leeuwenhoekiidae 4 species.

结果－获得青海省医学昆虫237种，隶属14科62属，其中蚊科2属9种，蠓科2属19种，虻科5属23种，蚋科1属6种，白蛉科2属3种，蚤类6科37属143种，硬蜱科4属7种，恙蟎科6属23种和列恙蟎科2属4种。

The internationally scarce black-soil belt resource and sunshine belt of japonica rice plantation in sub-frigid zone of north latitude 45°, implemented the effortful "Ten Respective Projects": respective-breed reproducing, planting, managing, harvesting, transporting, storing, processing, packaging, laying, and selling.

北大荒米业依托国际稀缺的黑土带资源和北纬45°亚寒带粳稻种植的阳光地带区位优势，强力实施&十专工程&：专品种繁育、专品种种植、专品种管理、专品种收获、专品种运输、专品种收储、专品种加工、专品种包装、专品种存放、专品种销售。

A background survey and a species observation on avian were conducted respectively in the Three Gorges Reservoir during 1996-1997,and 1999-2000.354 species,belonging to 17 orders and 51 families were recorded. Among them,153 (43.22%),164 (46.33%),and 37 (10.45%) species are the avian of Palaearctic region,Oriental region and Cosmopolitan respectively. There are 87 species (24.58%) of summer residents,63 species (17.78%) of winter residents,46 species (12.99%) of travelers and 158 species (44.63%) of residents.

1996～1997年和1999～2000年，分别对三峡库区的鸟类进行了本底调查和物种监测，共纪录到鸟类354种，隶属17目51科，其中古北种153种(43.22％)，东洋种164种(46.33％)，广布种37种(10.45％)；夏候鸟87种(24.58％)，冬候鸟63种(17.78％)，旅鸟46种(12.99％)，留鸟158种(44.63％)；繁殖鸟类245种(69.21％)；国家重点保护鸟类9科42种。

In comparison with the pure standards and the retention indices RI(subscript s reported in the literature, a total of 302 volatile compounds were identified in Changyu XO brandy, including 30 alcohols, 35 aldehydes and ketones, 20 carboxylic acids, 104 esters, 24 substituted benzenes and derivatives, 14 phenolic derivatives, 14 acetals, 16 furan derivatives, 22 terpenic and norisoprenoidic derivatives and 23 others.

实验先采用液－液萃取方法提取张裕XO级白兰地的挥发性成分，然后将酸性成分与碱性和中性成分分离，再采用柱色谱分离手段将其分离为若干个级分并浓缩，采用气相色谱-质谱、标准品比对、保留指数值比较等方法对分离得到的各级分中的成分进行了鉴定，在白兰地中共鉴定出302种挥发性成分，包括醇30种、醛酮类35种、酸类20种、酯类104种、苯同系物及其衍生物24种、酚类14种、缩醛14种、呋喃类16种、萜烯类22种和其他物质23种。

The neutral/basic fraction was furthermore separated into 4 fractions using silica gel normal phase chromatography, and each fraction was then concentrated and analyzed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. In comparison with the pure standards and the retention indices reported in the literature, a total of 302 volatile compounds were identified in Changyu XO brandy, including 30 alcohols, 35 aldehydes and ketones, 20 carboxylic acids, 104 esters, 24 substituted benzenes and derivatives, 14 phenolic derivatives, 14 acetals, 16 furan derivatives, 22 terpenic and norisoprenoidic derivatives and 23 others.

实验先采用液-液萃取方法提取张裕XO级白兰地的挥发性成分，然后将酸性成分与碱性和中性成分分离，再采用柱色谱分离手段将其分离为若干个级分并浓缩，采用气相色谱-质谱、标准品比对、保留指数值比较等方法对分离得到的各级分中的成分进行了鉴定，在白兰地中共鉴定出302种挥发性成分，包括醇30种、醛酮类35种、酸类20种、酯类104种、苯同系物及其衍生物24种、酚类14种、缩醛14种、呋喃类16种、萜烯类22种和其他物质23种。

Totally, 147 flavor compounds, which comprised of 17 acids, 12 alcohols, 16 aldehydes, 36 esters, 12 furans, 13 ketones, 14 miscellaneous compounds, 8 phenols, 6 pyrans, 4 pyrazines, 3 pyrroles, 6 sulfur-containing compounds, were identified.

共鉴定出147种风味化合物，其中酸类17种、醇类12种、醛类16种、酯类36种、呋喃12种、酮类13种、杂环化合物14种、酚类8种、吡喃6种、吡嗪类4种、吡咯3种、含硫化合物6种。

Neither the killing of Mr Zarqawi nor any breakthrough on the political front will stop the insurgency and the fratricidal murders in their tracks.

在对危险的南部地区访问时，他斥责什叶派民兵领导人对中央集权的挑衅行为。

In fact,I've got him on the satellite mobile right now.

实际上 我们已接通卫星可视电话了