禾本科

This experiment used gramineous C_(4) plant vetiver,Vetiveria zizanioides as material to study the changes of photosynthetic characters and physiological indices under constant heat and drought stress.

研究了持续高温干旱胁迫条件下禾本科C4植物香根草的光合特性和几种生理指标的变化。

Thus just three families, the Fabaceae (higher eudicots-rosids), Poaceae (monocots-commelinoids), and Asteraceae (higher eudicots-asterids) account for more than 34% of the total number of C-values, and the addition of just four further families, Alliaceae (monocots-Asparagales), Solanaceae (higher eudicots-asterids), Ranunculaceae (lower eudicots-Ranunculales) and Commelinaceae (monocots-comme-linoids) account for more than 525 % of the data.

因此，只有三个家庭，豆科（高eudicots -蔷薇分支），禾本科（ monocots - commelinoids ），菊科（高eudicots -菊分支）的帐户超过34个，占总人数的C值，并增设短短的4进一步家人，葱（ monocots -天门冬目），茄科（高eudicots -菊分支），毛茛科（下eudicots - ranunculales ）和commelinaceae （ monocots - comme - linoids ）占多525 ％的数据。

Of them, nineteen alien invasive species belonging to Asteraceae, eight to Poaceae, and seven to Fabaceae and Amaranthaceae respectively, and they take up 56.2% of the total number of the invasive plants in Guangzhou.

结果表明：广州市现有外来入侵植物73种，隶属于27科59属，其中菊科(19种)、禾本科(8种)、豆科(7种)和苋科(7种)植物占了入侵植物总种数的56.2%。

The results were as follows:(1) Seeds of 80 species or subspecies could be classified into two groups. Group Ⅰ included the seeds of Gramineae, Cyperaceae, Polygonaceae and Amaranthaceae, and Group Ⅱ included the seeds of Compositae, Euphorbiaceae, Brassicaceae and Umbelliferae.(2) Only FTIRs of the seeds of Brassicaceae were clustered together in the dendrogram,while those of the other families all appeared farraginous.(3) Among FTIRs of the 11 groups of the congeneric species,8 groups were clustered with other genus species, and 6 out of 7 groups of conspecific seeds appeared farraginous in the dendrogram.

结果表明：(1)80种草本植物的种子可以分成两类，第1类由禾本科、莎草科、蓼科和苋科植物的种子组成；第2类由菊科、大戟科、十字花科和伞形科植物的种子组成；(2)聚类图上，只有十字花科植物的种子能较好地与其他科的相区别；(3)在11组同属不同种植物中，有8组植物与亲缘关系不同的其他属的植物混在一起；在7组同种不同亚种或品种植物中，仅有1组植物被聚合在一起。

Group I included the seeds of Gramineae, Cyperaceae, Polygonaceae and Amaranthaceae, and Group II included the seeds of Compositae, Euphorbiaceae, Brassicaceae and Umbelliferae.(2) Only FTIRs of the seeds of Brassicaceae were clustered together in the dendrogram, while those of the other families all appeared farraginous.(3) Among FTIRs of the 11 groups of the congeneric species, 8 groups were clustered with other genus species, and 6 out of 7 groups of conspecific seeds appeared farraginous in the dendrogram.

结果表明：（1）80种草本植物的种子可以分成两类，第1类由禾本科、莎草科、蓼科和苋科植物的种子组成；第2类由菊科、大戟科、十字花科和伞形科植物的种子组成；（2）聚类图上，只有十字花科植物的种子能较好地与其他科的相区别；（3）在11组同属不同种植物中，有8组植物与亲缘关系不同的其他属的植物混在一起；在7组同种不同亚种或品种植物中，仅有1组植物被聚合在一起。

The distribution and harm of species of dominant weeds of lawn vary with different area, and the most harmful weeds belong 8 families, which were Poaceae, Asteraceae, Cyperaceae , Amaranthaceae, Euphorbiaceae, Polygonaceae, Fabaceae and Caryophyllaceae, about accounted for from sixty percent to seventy percent in all weeds in lawn.

摘要不同地区草坪优势杂草的种类不尽相同，禾本科、菊科、莎草科、苋科、大戟科、蓼科、豆科和石竹科等8个科的杂草种类和发生数量最多，约占杂草总数的60%~70%。

DNA C-values might be one of important indices in the evaluation of angiospermous invasiveness. To test this viewpoint, we compared DNA 1C-values and basic genome sizes in 3,676 angiosperms. The results suggest that:(1) the two nuclear values vary greatly among different groups, e.g., significantly higher in herbs than in trees, in monocots than in dicots, in perennials than in non-perennials;(2) the two nuclear values both have significant effects on plant invasiveness, especially in herbs, dicots, monocots, perennials, non-perennials, diploids, polyploids, Compositae, and Poaceae, while not significant in trees and Fabaceae.

DNA C值与被子植物入侵性密切相关，为考察应用DNA C值评估被子植物入侵性的可靠性和局限性，我们统计分析了全世界范围内3676种被子植物的DNA 1C值（配子未发生DNA复制时的染色体DNA含量）及基因组大小（单个染色体组的DNA 含量），结果表明：1）DNA 1C值和基因组大小在被子植物不同类群中差异极大，例如在草本植物中显著高于木本植物，单子叶植物显著高于双子叶植物，多年生植物显著高于非多年生植物；2）两项指标都与被子植物入侵性显著负相关，尤其是在草本植物、双子叶植物、单子叶植物、多年生植物、非多年生植物、二倍体、多倍体、菊科和禾本科中，然而在木本植物、豆科植物中其与植物入侵性无显著关系。

A total of 106 species were recorded as being eaten by Asian elephants, among them 83 species were identified in elephant's dung. Plant families that contributed a major proportion of elephant's diet in the study area were: Gramineae (8 spp., 10.0%), Moraceae (7 spp., 9.9%), Papilionaceae (4 spp., 8.4%), Araliaceae (3 spp., 6.6%), Vitaceae (3 spp., 5.7%), Apocynaceae (3 spp., 4.6%), Musaceae (1 spp., 4.2%), Zingiberaceae (3 spp., 3.7%), Myrsinaceae (3 spp., 3.6%), Rosaceae (3 spp., 3.6%), Euphorbiaceae (5 spp., 3.3%), Ulmaceae (2 spp., 3.0%) and Mimosaceae (4 spp., 2.9%).

结果显示，野外跟踪调查共记录有106种植物被亚洲象所取食，其中有83种出现在象的粪便中，这些种类分别属于：禾本科8种(10.0%)、桑科7种(9.9%)、蝶形花科4种(8.4%)、五加科3种(6.6%)、葡萄科3种(5.7%)、夹竹桃科3种(4.6%)、芭蕉科l种(4.2%)、姜科3种(3.7%)、紫金牛科3种(3.6%)、蔷薇科3种(3.6%)、大戟科5种(3.3%)、榆科2种(3.0%)、含羞草科4种(2.9%)13个植物科。

The most important plants in elephants' diet are Ficus spp.( Moraceae, 9.0 ％), Dendrocalamus spp.( Gramineae, 4.5 ％), Musa acuminata ( Musaceae, 4.2 ％), Microstegium ciliatum ( Gramineae, 3.5 ％) and Amalocalyx yunnanensis ( Apocynaceae, 3.1％).

根据食物中所占的比率，桑科的榕属、禾本科的竹类、小果野芭蕉和莠竹是亚洲象的主要食物资源。

The most important plants in elephants' diet are Ficus spp.(Moraceae, 9.0%), Dendrocalamus spp.(Gramineae, 4.5%), Mum acuminata (Musaceae, 4.2%), Microstegium ciliatum (Gramineae, 3.5%) and Amalocalyx yunnanensis (Apocynaceae, 3.1%).

根据食物中所占的比率，桑科的榕属、禾本科的竹类、小果野芭蕉和莠竹是亚洲象的主要食物资源。

However, as the name（read－only memory）implies, CD disks cannot be written onorchanged in any way.

然而，正如其名字所指出的那样，CD盘不能写，也不能用任何方式改变其内容。

Galvanizes steel pallet is mainly export which suits standard packing of European Union, the North America. galvanizes steel pallet is suitable to heavy rack. Pallet surface can design plate type, corrugated and the gap form, satisfies the different requirements.

镀锌钢托盘多用于出口，替代木托盘，免薰蒸，符合欧盟、北美各国对出口货物包装材料的法令要求；喷涂钢托盘适用于重载上货架之用，托盘表面根据需要制作成平板状、波纹状及间隔形式，满足不同的使用要求。