离线的

The first one is an algorithm with terminal sliding mode equality constraint. The second is a dual-mode control scheme, which enlarge the terminal region. The sliding mode based MPC is implemented while system state is outside of terminal region, and sliding mode variable structure control designed off-line is used once system state arrives in the terminal region.

第一种方法为终端滑模等式约束非线性模型预测控制方法，首先离线设计切换函数使得滑动模态渐近稳定，然后在有限预测时域的基础上对切换函数附加一个终端等式约束；第二种方法为双模控制方案，在终端区外采用模型预测控制，使得系统状态在有限时域内到达终端区内；在终端区内部采用离线设计的滑模变结构控制，使得系统渐近稳定。

The analysis and comparison of on-line data and off-line data have indicated that on-line monitoring system inflect information sensitively and operate reliably.

通过对已获得的在线、离线数据进行了分析、比较，认为在线监测装置与离线监测相比，具有反映灵敏、检测精度高等特点，其运行是可靠的。

This paper putemphasis on analyzing the principle of off-board diagnostics and the plan ofpractice, and have designed and developed off-board diagnostic testerinteracting with on-board diagnostics.

本文重点分析了离线诊断的原理及实现方案，设计并研制出与方案设计相互作用的离线电控系统。

In this research, tebuconazole was chosen as the template. By optimizing the preparing conditions, TBZ imprinted polymers were used to determine the trace amount of TBZ in biological and environemtal samples (cabbage, pannage, shrimp, orange juice and tap water) in an off-line mode for the first time.

本论文以三唑类杀菌剂中的戊唑醇为代表分子，通过优化戊唑醇分子印迹聚合物的制备条件，以离线固相萃取检测环境中的戊唑醇，首次实现了以离线模式检测包菜、饲料、虾肉、桔汁、水中痕量的戊唑醇。

Now keyword search over relational database is becoming a hot research topic in both database and IR area. There are two kinds of popular keyword search systems, while neither of them can give accurate results with high speed. The on-line system can obtain the latest search results while the search speed is low; The off-line system speeds the query processing by means of preprocessing, but the disadvantage lies in expensive cost needed to preprocess again once the database is updated.

关系数据库上的关键词检索已成为数据库和信息检索领域的研究热点之一现有数据库关键词检索系统可分为在线和离线两大类，它们都难以兼顾查询效率和效果：在线系统能够获得数据库最新结果，但速度较慢；离线系统使用预处理提高查询速度，但若数据库更新就要重新执行预处理。

The piecewise-linear feedback control law is off-line computed by LMI optimization problems and the on-line control computation reduces to the simple evaluation of the defined piecewise linear function, which makes the online computational efficiency significantly improved.

针对预测控制滚动优化命题的在线计算任务大，作者提出了一种基于分段反馈的离线预测控制算法，通过离线求解线性矩阵不等式优化命题构造分段反馈控制律，在线运行时只需实施满足条件的反馈控制律，极大地提高了控制器在线计算效率。

The spark-gap phenomenon is the main RF noise source of electrical railways, which happens when the pantograph-catenary is disconnected transitorily.

模型由离线事件模拟器、放电电压条件判决器、触发源等模块组成，将机车车速、定位点跨距、弓网接触压力、受电弓质量、离线概率等诸多因素作为仿真的输入参数，能反映出机车运行时弓网间电火花噪声的动态变化。

Gravure press is not discharge on down during the mode of production, the per-color business card printing and membership card after harvest cylindrical insertreleased, offline after the subject with a single eyefor a cross-cutting machine rolled business card printing and membership card making for easier and more precise printing long broken sected collection, and then set the broken sected collected leaflets business card printing and membership card making products in spinons convex, indentation, die-cutting, waste, collection, testing, packaging; business card printing and membership card making products for stamping or compact label positioning easy-care, and the increase in the operation, the disadvantage is that the above process, the operation covers an area of large plant, to make more, and sometimes the drum to the materials offline operation in cross-cutting precision |interrupted Zhang superstandard, it will be a large number of categorizing people and a large area of the workspace.

凹印机是采用上料下料不停机的生产方式，进行逐色制卡和会员卡制作后收成卷筒状取下，离线后通过一台识标横切机把卷状制卡和会员卡制作品以单幅印长断切收集，再将断切收集来的单张制卡和会员卡制作品进行棘凸、压痕、模切、剔废、收集、检验、包装；制卡和会员卡制作品如需要烫金或镭射标定位烫，还需增加工序，以上工艺缺点是工序多，占地面积大，使用机台多、人员多，有时卷筒印材离线作业在横切过程中断张精度超标，还需大量的分检人员和大面积的工作空间。

The welding robot task programm system makes up with condition model building organ, task programmer, parameter arithmetic organ, task planning organ and sensor information processor. The task programm function is implemented.

开发的由环境建模器、任务编程器、参数运算器、任务规划器和传感信息处理器组成的专用焊接机器人任务级离线编程系统，实现了基本的任务级离线编程功能。

Simulation of robot welding process is completed with the application of ROBOGUIDE, the simulating path is changed to TP program for practical welding, and TP program is transferred to robot controller, which all the work about off-line programming and simulation of the saddle-backed welding seam are completed.

应用离线仿真软件ROBOGUIDE完成马鞍型焊缝曲线焊接过程的仿真，将仿真路径转换成实际TP程序，并输入到机器人控制柜，完成马鞍型焊缝焊接过程的离线编程及仿真，运行TP程序完成马鞍型焊缝的实际焊接。

We have no common name for a mime of Sophron or Xenarchus and a Socratic Conversation; and we should still be without one even if the imitation in the two instances were in trimeters or elegiacs or some other kind of verse--though it is the way with people to tack on 'poet' to the name of a metre, and talk of elegiac-poets and epic-poets, thinking that they call them poets not by reason of the imitative nature of their work, but indiscriminately by reason of the metre they write in.

索夫农 、森那库斯和苏格拉底式的对话采用的模仿没有一个公共的名称；三音步诗、挽歌体或其他类型的诗的模仿也没有——人们把&诗人&这一名词和格律名称结合到一起，称之为挽歌体诗人或者史诗诗人，他们被称为诗人，似乎只是因为遵守格律写作，而非他们作品的模仿本质。

The relationship between communicative competence and grammar teaching should be that of the ends and the means.

交际能力和语法的关系应该是目标与途径的关系。