离线

The on-line system can obtain the latest search results while the search speed is low; The off-line system speeds the query processing by means of preprocessing, but the disadvantage lies in expensive cost needed to preprocess again once the database is updated.

关系数据库上的现有数据库关键词检索系统可分为在线和离线两大类，它们都难以兼顾查询效率和效果：在线系统能够获得数据库最新结果，但速度较慢；离线系统使用预处理提高查询速度，但若数据库更新就要重新执行预处理。

Now keyword search over relational database is becoming a hot research topic in both database and IR area. There are two kinds of popular keyword search systems, while neither of them can give accurate results with high speed. The on-line system can obtain the latest search results while the search speed is low; The off-line system speeds the query processing by means of preprocessing, but the disadvantage lies in expensive cost needed to preprocess again once the database is updated.

关系数据库上的关键词检索已成为数据库和信息检索领域的研究热点之一现有数据库关键词检索系统可分为在线和离线两大类，它们都难以兼顾查询效率和效果：在线系统能够获得数据库最新结果，但速度较慢；离线系统使用预处理提高查询速度，但若数据库更新就要重新执行预处理。

The piecewise-linear feedback control law is off-line computed by LMI optimization problems and the on-line control computation reduces to the simple evaluation of the defined piecewise linear function, which makes the online computational efficiency significantly improved.

针对预测控制滚动优化命题的在线计算任务大，作者提出了一种基于分段反馈的离线预测控制算法，通过离线求解线性矩阵不等式优化命题构造分段反馈控制律，在线运行时只需实施满足条件的反馈控制律，极大地提高了控制器在线计算效率。

This software belong to the family of offline- browsers; however, at this time, in contrast to Offline explorer, from company tennyson maxwell.

这个软件是属于家庭的离线浏览器；不过，在这个时候，在对比离线Explorer中，从公司丁尼麦克斯韦。

The spark-gap phenomenon is the main RF noise source of electrical railways, which happens when the pantograph-catenary is disconnected transitorily.

模型由离线事件模拟器、放电电压条件判决器、触发源等模块组成，将机车车速、定位点跨距、弓网接触压力、受电弓质量、离线概率等诸多因素作为仿真的输入参数，能反映出机车运行时弓网间电火花噪声的动态变化。

If it is done too often,money is wasted on the monitoring and the component is kept off-line (if the monitoring is off-line and noncontinuous).

如果它太经常做，金钱被浪费在监视并且组分被保持离线(如果监视离线和noncontinuous)。

Design the structure of high performance Low-E film including its material and thickness of every layer according to basic optical theory. Carry out an innovative work to calculate its optical performance by characteristic matrices and optical admittance. Compare the results with those we get by traditional measurement.3. Prepare Low-E films with RF magnetron controlled reactive sputtering. The result shows that in the visible region (380nm-780nm), the highest transmittance is 82.4% while the average value is 75%. In the NIR region (780nm-2500nm), the average transmittance is 16.2%. These characters can fit the demand of the glass used in architecture and cars, and also in other applications.4. We novelly use the material Titanium as protective layer to solve the problem that Ag layer would disappear when depositing the second TiO_2 layer. As the protective layer, Ti does not increase the number of targets so as to lower the costs. The thickness of the protective layer Titanium is adjusted by controlling of sputtering time. Results shows the Low-E films get the best optical character when the sputtering time of Titanium is 20 seconds5. We novelly proposed a new transmittance quality factor Q=_·(?_-__ to evaluate the performances of Low-E films, which makes it easier to judge the qualities of Low-E film.6. The photocatalysis of Titanium dioxides is researched and introduced into Low-E films. Sb-doped TiO_2 thin films are prepared. Its photocatalysis and hydrophilicity are measured.

论文的工作主要有：1、总结了低辐射薄膜的制备方法，性能，以及国内外最新研究进展和应用，并对两种类型的低辐射薄膜进行了比较。2、从光学基本理论开始，设计了离线低辐射薄膜的结构，包括每一层的材料和厚度，并创新性的用特性矩阵和光学导纳理论计算了该离线膜的光学性能，利用软件对其进行了仿真，与实际制备的薄膜所测量的性能相比较。3、完成在实验室仪器上制备低辐射薄膜，掌握其工艺条件，解决了超薄金属膜的制备问题，所制备的低辐射薄膜在可见光区(380hm-780hm)最高可达82.4%，平均透射率为75%；在近红外区(780nm-2500nm)的平均透射率为16.2%，其性能达到建筑物幕墙玻璃，汽车前挡玻璃等应用标准，并为进一步的大规模生产打下基础。4、针对中间银层在镀上层膜时易被氧化这一工艺难题，本研究创新性的提出用Ti膜作为保护膜，没有增加新的靶材，提高了生产效率，并节约了生产成本。

Gravure press is not discharge on down during the mode of production, the per-color business card printing and membership card after harvest cylindrical insertreleased, offline after the subject with a single eyefor a cross-cutting machine rolled business card printing and membership card making for easier and more precise printing long broken sected collection, and then set the broken sected collected leaflets business card printing and membership card making products in spinons convex, indentation, die-cutting, waste, collection, testing, packaging; business card printing and membership card making products for stamping or compact label positioning easy-care, and the increase in the operation, the disadvantage is that the above process, the operation covers an area of large plant, to make more, and sometimes the drum to the materials offline operation in cross-cutting precision |interrupted Zhang superstandard, it will be a large number of categorizing people and a large area of the workspace.

凹印机是采用上料下料不停机的生产方式，进行逐色制卡和会员卡制作后收成卷筒状取下，离线后通过一台识标横切机把卷状制卡和会员卡制作品以单幅印长断切收集，再将断切收集来的单张制卡和会员卡制作品进行棘凸、压痕、模切、剔废、收集、检验、包装；制卡和会员卡制作品如需要烫金或镭射标定位烫，还需增加工序，以上工艺缺点是工序多，占地面积大，使用机台多、人员多，有时卷筒印材离线作业在横切过程中断张精度超标，还需大量的分检人员和大面积的工作空间。

The welding robot task programm system makes up with condition model building organ, task programmer, parameter arithmetic organ, task planning organ and sensor information processor. The task programm function is implemented.

开发的由环境建模器、任务编程器、参数运算器、任务规划器和传感信息处理器组成的专用焊接机器人任务级离线编程系统，实现了基本的任务级离线编程功能。

When a host goes offline or comes online alerts can be sent via email, on-screen popup, HTTP, or EZ Pinger can launch external programs in response to online/offline events.

当一台主机离线或进入在线的时候会通过电子邮件，屏幕弹出窗口，HTTP 等方式发送警报或者 EZ Pinger 可以运行外部程序响应在线/离线事件。

We have no common name for a mime of Sophron or Xenarchus and a Socratic Conversation; and we should still be without one even if the imitation in the two instances were in trimeters or elegiacs or some other kind of verse--though it is the way with people to tack on 'poet' to the name of a metre, and talk of elegiac-poets and epic-poets, thinking that they call them poets not by reason of the imitative nature of their work, but indiscriminately by reason of the metre they write in.

索夫农 、森那库斯和苏格拉底式的对话采用的模仿没有一个公共的名称；三音步诗、挽歌体或其他类型的诗的模仿也没有——人们把&诗人&这一名词和格律名称结合到一起，称之为挽歌体诗人或者史诗诗人，他们被称为诗人，似乎只是因为遵守格律写作，而非他们作品的模仿本质。

The relationship between communicative competence and grammar teaching should be that of the ends and the means.

交际能力和语法的关系应该是目标与途径的关系。