离散连续系统

The admissible input of 2-D linear discrete singular general model is discussed more deeply, some very effective new criteria for the 2-D singular general model to accept all the input sequence have been developed, and a new algorithm that determines the admissible input sequence of the 2-D singular systems has been proposed.

在线性广义2-D系统可解性方面，首先研究了线性广义2-D连续—离散系统的可解性问题，给出了可解的条件，并给出了等价的判别条件；其次深入研究了线性广义2-D离散系统的允许输入序列问题，给出了系统接受所在区域上的所有输入的新的非常有效的判别方法以及确定系统允许输入序列的新的方法。

New parameter estimation Markov recursive algorithm for continuous stochastic linear system and bilinear system is proposed.

基于小波变换的连续随机线性和双线性系统参数辨识Markov方法分析研究了连续维纳过程在小波变换下的统计特性，给出了维纳过程的离散小波变换系数所构成的离散随机过程的协方差矩阵计算和估计方法，基此提出了线性和双线性连续随机系统参数辨识的Markov估计方法及其递推算法。

If the topology is fixed and time-invariant, the consensus value of discrete-time systems also globally asymptotically converges to the convex combination of initial states, which is identical to continuous systems.

如果多智能体网络系统的拓扑结构没有改变，在离散状态下系统的一致平衡点仍收敛于初始状态的凸组合，并且离散状态下系统的一致平衡点与连续状态下系统的一致平衡点相等。

In response to signals and system simulation studies, MATLAB also demonstrated its strong role, with MATLAB simulation for the time signal convolution, discrete, continuous LIT system of time-domain analysis, synthesis and periodic signal of decomposition, the bi-frequency system Domain analysis, signal modulation and demodulation, discrete systems, the Z-domain analysis.

在信号与系统仿真响应的研究中，MATLAB也体现其强大的作用，用MATLAB仿真连续时间信号的卷积计算，离散、连续LIT系统的时域分析、周期信号的合成与分解、系统的复频域分析、信号的调制与解调，还有离散系统的Z域分析。

Further more, we get the necessary and sufficient conditions for the two-dimensional discrete system, where the permanence and extinction of the system are decided and only decided by the relationship of the non-delay coefficients in the system. Further, we for the first time find the equivalent permanence and extinction between the two-dimensional discrete Lotka-Volterra and its corresponding continuous system.

进一步，本得到了此类离散系统二维自治情形下，其持续生存和灭绝分别等价于系统非时滞系数构成的相应不等式；通过比较本文中二维自治Lotka-Volterra竞争系统的连续和离散两种情形的有关结论，首次发现这两类系统具有等价的持续生存和灭绝性质，建立了这两类系统之间的联系。

The effective prediction space concept is established, On the base of these, this paper deduces two representations' evaluating equation, one evaluates the prediction error and the other evaluates the prediction error in limited space. First, the error transfer characteristic among subsystems at different space locations is analyzed, and the direct transfer characteristic from discrete standard measure space to the workpiece measure space under measured in measure system is proven. Second, the error reconstruction condition and method of mapping from discrete standard measurement system to continuous standard measurespace are analyzed.

分析了不同空间位置子系统间的误差传递特性，证明了在测量系统中离散标准量值空间向被测量工件量值空间的直接传递性；分析了离散标准量系统向连续量值空间映射的误差重构条件和方法；基于测量样本的有限距离的平稳性，证明了预报模型对动态测量误差的有限收敛性和预报误差的可测度性，进而证明了以离散标准量值系统对被测工件预报修正的可行性和合理性。

Firstly, the recent developments in controllability and observability for switched system are reviewed. Secondly, by means of properties of invariant subspace, the controllability for switched systems with continuous-time and discrete-time subsystems, and a class of discrete impulsive switched systems is respectively investigated. Some sufficient and necessary conditions of controllability are proved. In the end, some simple criterions for controllability and observability of switched symmetric composite systems are set up.

首先介绍了切换系统能控性与能观性方面的一些重要结论；其次，用不变子空间的性质分别研究了同时含有连续子系统和离散子系统的切换系统和一类离散脉冲切换系统的能控性，建立了相应的充分性与必要性判别准则；最后，研究了切换对称组合系统的能控性与能观性，得到了此系统能控性与能观性的简单判据。

By using the transfer matrix method of multibody system, the hard problem of computation of the vibration characteristics of LRMLRS coupled with rigid bodies and elastic bodies is solved which is very difficult to the ordinary dynamic methods, and the vibration characteristics of LRMLRS which is varied when the number of rockets in the launch device is varied, is obtained conveniently. By developing augmented eigenvectors of the LRMLRS and its orthogonality conditions, the nonorthogonality problem of the multibody system including rigid bodies and elastic bodies is solved and the exact analysis of the dynamics response of the LRMLRS including rigid bodies and elastic bodies is realized. By using the random integer programming method, the hard optimization problem which contains continuous variables, discrete variables and random variables at the same time is solved. This method provides a technology for optimum design with random variables and discrete variables. The dynamic optimum design is realized to decrease the number of rockets consumption in the LRMLRS test. The simulation system of dispersion of fire is established by using the maximum entropy method to estimate dispersion of fire.

通过应用多体系统传递矩阵法，解决了刚弹耦合远程多管火箭多体系统振动特性这一通常力学方法不便于解决的计算难题，方便地获得了远程多管火箭振动特性及其随发射架上火箭弹个数变化而变化的情况；通过构造增广特征矢量及其正交性条件，解决了刚弹耦合多体系统特征矢量不具有通常意义下的正交性的难题，实现了对刚弹耦合远程多管火箭动力响应的精确分析；应用随机整数规划法，解决了同时考虑连续、离散和随机变量等多种设计变量的优化设计难题，为含随机和离散变量的优化设计提供了手段，实现了减少远程多管火箭试验用弹量的动态优化设计；建立了应用最大熵法估计的密集度仿真系统，优化射序和射击间隔，实现了提高远程多管火箭射击密集度的动态优化。

Through the Laplace and Z transformations, it represents the varying features of electromechanical disturbance in a uniform chain network using the family of Bessel functions; the growing or attenuating laws are the same as that of electromechanical wave in a continuum model along the corresponding transmission media. Furthermore, the time of electromechanical disturbance arriving at any bus in the discrete model is also the same as that of electromechanical wave arriving at the corresponding bus in the continuum model.

通过Laplace和Z联合变换，用Bessel函数表示出机电扰动在均匀离散系统中的变化特征，得出扰动的增衰规律与连续体模型中机电波的增衰规律完全相同，而且离散系统中扰动传播到每一条母线所需要的时间与连续体模型中机电波传播到相应母线所需时间也完全相等。

The asymptotic covariances of different unbiased estimates are derived, which can be used for the comparison of different measurement methods and various estimations.

在连续系统离散时域模型辩识中，论文分析了采样频率对辨识精度的影响，给出了采样频率选取的经验公式。

According to the clear water experiment, aeration performance of the new equipment is good with high total oxygen transfer coefficient and oxygen utilization ratio.

曝气设备的动力效率在叶轮转速为120rpm～150rpm时取得最大值，此时氧利用率和充氧能力也具有较高值。

The environmental stability of that world - including its crushing pressures and icy darkness - means that some of its most famous inhabitants have survived for eons as evolutionary throwbacks, their bodies undergoing little change.

稳定的海底环境─包括能把人压扁的压力和冰冷的黑暗─意谓海底某些最知名的栖居生物已以演化返祖的样态活了万世，形体几无变化。