离散过程

This procedure is based on discrete cosine transform DCT-formula implemented procedures to help beginners understand the discrete cosine transform process.

详细说明：这个程序是根据离散余弦变换的公式实现的DCT变换程序，能够帮助初学者理解离散余弦变换的过程。

Due to the discreteness of transformer taps and the switching of shunt capacitance/reactance banks, the rigorous reactive power optimization is the problem of Mixed-Integer Nonlinear Programming involving both discrete and continuous variables.

在电力系统无功优化过程中，由于有载调压变压器分接头的存在和补偿电容／电抗器分组投切的离散特性，使得严格意义上的无功优化问题成为一个离散变量和连续变量共存的混合整数非线性规划(Mixed-Integer Nonlinear Programming，MINLP)问题。

A systematic study on computing the integral curvature line on NURBS surface is presented. Discrete normal is used to simplify calculation of the second fundamental form of the surface, resulting in accelerating the Euler iteration process in solving the differential equation of curvature line. Discrete points on the curvature line are then obtained and approximated by an explicitly presented B-spline curve on the NURBS surface using singular mixed interpolation and capable of controlling the error within a given tolerance.

对NURBS曲面的曲率线的积分进行了系统的公式推导，并利用NURBS曲面的离散法向量有效地简化了曲面第二基本量的计算，加速了Euler法迭代求解曲率线微分方程的过程；在求得曲率线上的离散点集以后，应用奇异混合插值技术，在可控精度内把曲率线用显式直接表示为位于NURBS曲面上的B样条曲线。

Theobserved strain is 10~2 times as local point strain at the same observed stress.This indicates that macroscopical symmetrical rock is quasi-brittle materialwith microcosmic heterogeneousness and its macroscopical mechanicalbehavior is the results of reciprocity and magnification between microcosmiccharacteristic, not simple sum.(4) The degree of irregularity of strain increases with the number of cycle.But degree of irregularity of transverse strain fluctuates larger at the samecycle. Moreover degree of irregularity of transverse strain is larger than that ofaxial strain. This shows that deformation and failure of rock is process ofevolvement of small crack. Small crack evolves from even and out-of-orderstatus to heterogeneous and ordinal status.(5) Ultrasonic speed decreases with the number of cycle. The decreasecourse is such: Firstly, ultrasonic speed fluctuates in a steady scope in somecycles; And then ultrasonic speed quickly decreases to a certain more smallvalue; Afterwards in succedent cycles, ultrasonic speed fluctuates about thevalue. That is to say, ultrasonic speed fluctuates and decreases at intervals ofcycles. In deformation process of rock, quantitative change and qualitativechange of its small crack evolvement carry through crosswise.(6) Strength and modulus of rock decrease with exponential function asscale of specimens increases.

同一表观应力下，局部点应变与表观应变相差可达2个数量级，表明宏观上均匀的岩石是具有细观特征的准脆性材料，其宏观力学行为是细观特征相互作用、放大的综合结果，而不是简单的叠加；(4)岩样轴向应变不均匀程度和横向应变不均匀程度随循环次数的增加渐进增大，但是在同一个循环内，横向应变离散系数随应力的变化波动较大，且同一循环级别下，横向应变不均匀程度大于轴向应变不均匀程度，表明岩石内部微裂纹的演化是岩石变形破坏的本质特征，这一演化表现为微裂纹从均匀无序分布逐渐向非均匀有序发展；(5)随循环次数的增加，所有岩样内部超声波速会出现衰减，衰减过程表现为在某几次循环内超声波速在某一相对范围内波动，然后急剧减小到某一较小值，在随后的循环内，超声波速又会保持在这一较小值附近波动，即超声波速表现为波动和急剧减小间隔形式衰减，表明从宏观看来平稳的岩石变形过程，内部结构演化过程(微裂纹发展及其相互作用)却表现为均匀量变和突发质变不断交叉进行的现象；(6)岩石强度和弹性模量随尺度增大呈指数函数规律减小。

The major topics are: Poisson process, renewal process, discrete time and continuous time Markov chains, stationary process, Brown motion and stochastic integral introduction

本课程的主要内容包括泊松过程与更新过程、离散时间与连续时间的马尔可夫链、平稳过程、布朗运动与随机积分初步。

The use of CAE on the analysis of motor rotor-bearing system, During the numeric model processes, the finite element method is used to build the discrete model and analytical theory of the rotor-bearing system. The entire system is divided into several dividable substructures, each of which develops individual systematic mathematic model. Finally, the motion equation of whole structures is combined by the integrity of the dynamic variables and force balances on connections of each substructure.

本文探讨马达转子-轴承-框架系统之结构动态特性，提供动态特性之关系设计过程中，其转子-轴承系统的动态设计考量方法，利用电脑辅助工程技术，以有限元素方法，先将马达转子-轴承-框架系统分离各个部位成为子结构，将子结构个别的数学模型加以离散化，最后以各子结构结合面上节点的动态参数一致性及力系平衡，连结离散化子结构成为整体结构的运动方程式。

3D-CTM (Coupled Thermo-Mechanical Forming Simulation) software for precision forging process of aero-engine blade was developed. The key technologies of 3D coupled rigid-viscoplastic thermo-mechanical FEM simulation of blade forging process were studied systematically. By using the remeshing method of contracting from the boundary to the inner, new mesh system from old distorted mesh system can be obtained. A method of modifying the position of nodes touching on the die according to its original normal was proposed to avoid "dead lock" problem due to uncontinuity of normal of scatted die meshes. The pseudo-static iterative algorithm was used to simplify the coupled thermo-mechanical computation. In particular, formulations to determine relaxation factor β was established for rigid viscoplastic FEM adopting penalty function method, and an improved cubic factor rapid algorithm derived from these formulations was proposed by combining with the advantage of advance and retreat search method.

采用基于边界构形的内缩法，实现了三维畸变网格的重新划分；提出了初矢修正法对触模节点的位置进行修正，解决了由于离散的模具网格的法矢不连续造成的&死锁&问题；采用准静态迭代法简化了速度场和温度场耦合计算过程；特别是针对减速因子β的选取，建立了适用于三维复杂成形过程刚粘塑性罚函数法有限元三次因子法的计算公式，并结合进退搜索法提出了改进的三次因子快速算法，提高了模拟计算效率和稳定性，在此基础之上，开发了面向叶片精锻过程的三维刚粘塑性热力耦合有限元模拟分析系统(3D-CTM)，系统的可靠性得到了圆柱体镦粗的验证。

Surface quality analysis is the indispensable step in car body development process . Accurate surface quality analysis needs high quality surface tessellation .

曲面品质分析是车身开发过程中必不可少的一步，准确的曲面品质分析需要高质量的曲面离散网格，提出了一种新的面向曲面品质分析的裁剪参数曲面离散技术。

The process of radiative heat transfer in a three dimension rectangular furnace is simulated using discrete ordinates method.

本文首先对辐射传递方程的坐标进行离散，最后对三维矩形炉膛内辐射传递过程进行数值模拟，并与区域法进行比较，从而验证了离散坐标法的求解精度。

The discrete-element modeling is a new dynamic modeling method in structural geology and geophysics research. The authors built a discrete element model to simulate the evolution of the fault system in active salt domes. Results show that the fault system undergoes three stages: symmetric deformation stage, asymmetric deformation stage, and complete fracture stage.

离散元模拟是构造地质地球物理研究中一种新的动力学模拟方法，作者通过构建离散元模型，模拟了主动底辟盐构造断裂系统的演化过程，结果表明，该断裂系统的发育主要经历了对称变形、不对称变形、整体破裂三个阶段。

In the United States, chronic alcoholism and hepatitis C are the most common ones.

在美国，慢性酒精中毒，肝炎是最常见的。

If you have any questions, you can contact me anytime.

如果有任何问题，你可以随时联系我。