离散化

After analysis and study on email, by disperseing and charactering email, my paper use vector to express email. And then bring forward a determination tree classifying model base on information entropy. At last I do a series of experiment and testing.

本文通过对电子邮件的分析和研究，提出对邮件结构字段信息和邮件正文信息加以离散和特征化处理，用向量的方式表示电子邮件；接着针对向量化的邮件表示，建立了一种基于信息熵的决策树邮件分类识别模型；论文最后通过编程对该模型作了一系列的实验和测试。

According to the variable parameters, which are continuum or discrete, an algorithms are over viewed, such as homogenization method, variable density algorithm, variable thick algorithm, moving asymptotes algorithm, simulated annealing algorithm, genetic algorithm, relative difference quotient algorithm and Tabu search technique.

按照设计变量，叙述了连续变量和离散变量拓扑优化设计的一些常用算法，其中包括均匀化方法、变密度法、变厚度法、移动渐进算法、模拟退火法、遗传算法、相对差商法和Tabu搜索法，并对各种方法的优缺点进行了比较；对二维和三维复合材料的拓扑学优化设计研究现状和方法进行了阐述；提出了拓扑优化设计复合材料的未来研究方向。

Chapter 4, Analyse the visualization in isoline and contour of discrete element method.

第四章主要对离散元等值线，云图的可视化方法进行了分析说明。

The VBA and MapGIS were combined with each other and applied on the basis of the authors' experience, with satisfactory result obtained. It is pointed out that VBA and MapGIS have wide application prospects in geology and mining industry.

文中，笔者以均值加2倍离差方法为例，探讨了运用VBA编程计算确定化探异常下限的基本思路和一般方法，详细介绍了离散点位数据图在MapGIS中直接成图的方法，指出了VBA与MapGIS在地矿行业中具有广阔的应用前景。

Via his study the author drew the following conclusions: their formation is a process of discrete sports population going from a disorderly self organization to an orderly self organization; their development needs to be synergized with such system elements as sports legislations and policies, playgrounds and facilities, as well as sports guidance; traditional community sports and community sports localization are the driving mechanism for spontaneous mass sports organization.

研究得出：其形成是离散状态的体育人口从无序向有序的自组织过程，其发展需要体育法规政策、场地设施、体育指导等系统要素的协同，社区传统性体育和社区体育本土化是社区自发性群众体育组织的动力机制。

Modular reality, no internal wiring, up to 40 valve solenoids, discrete I/O status with short circuit protection, software or manual configuration, more...

模块化现实，没有内部布线，40阀电磁阀，离散I / O状态与短路保护，软件或手动配置，更多。。。

Modular reality, no internal wiring simplifies assembly, up to 192 discrete output points and 32 valve solenoids and 96 input points per communication more...

模块化现实，没有内部布线简化装配，高达192离散输出点和32个阀电磁铁和沟通96个多输入点。。。

Main work of this text:First, in view of the use widespread some type parameter cage control valve, use the three-dimensional modeling software to establishment valve interior flow field model, through CFD preprocessor production computation grid, using CFD software to separate solve, may obtain the regulating valve interior flow field the visible graph, like pressure and velocity vectors chart, contour map and so on.

本文主要工作：一、针对使用广泛的某一类型参数的套筒型调节阀，应用三维建模软件建立阀门内部流场模型，通过CFD前处理器生成计算网格，应用CFD软件进行离散求解，可以得到调节阀内部流场的可视化图形，如压力、速度等矢量图，等值线图等。

An equal cross-section blade was investigated and a finite element model was built parametrically. Geometrical parameters (such as length, width and thickness), material parameters (such as young's modulus and density) and speed of blade were considered as input random variables while the static frequencies and dynamic frequencies were output random variables. Combining the finite element method, response surface method and Monte Carlo method, the statistical properties and cumulative distribution functions of static frequencies and dynamic frequencies were obtained. Probability sensitivities analysis, which combined the slope of the gradient and the width of the scatter range of the random input variables, was applied to quantitatively evaluate the sensitivities of static frequencies and dynamic frequencies with respect to the random variables. The Scatter plots of structural responses with respect to the random input variables were illustrated how to adjust the values of the static frequencies and dynamic frequencies by changing input random variables.

文中以某试验台用汽轮机等直叶片为研究对象，考虑几何参数、材料参数和转速的随机性，通过有限元参数化建模，将确定性有限元方法、响应面方法和Monte-Carlo模拟法相结合，从而获得了叶片静频、动频的统计特性和累积分布函数；同时考虑随机变量的梯度和离散范围对静、动频的影响，通过概率敏感性分析，定量地判断出叶片静、动频对随机输入变量的敏感性；通过绘制叶片静、动频与输入变量的散点图，定量地分析了如何改变随机变量以调整静、动频率的方法。

New simple and easily implementable observers are given whose convergence properties are guaranteed. Observer-based feedback controller is proposed for the systems.

构造了一种新的结构简单且容易实现的全局状态观测器，并设计了非线性离散系统基于状态观测器的反馈稳定化控制器。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。