离散化

Three B-spline surface generation method, based on the discrete points of the process grid.

详细说明：三次B样条曲面的生成方法，基于离散点的网格化过程。

In the scheduling layer, we discussed such papermaking workshop which has stochastic demand and failure. Mathematical model is setup. This problem are inverted into discrete dynamic programming.

在调度层针对具有随机需求和纸机故障的造纸车间，建立了数学模型，并利用一致化转移方法将其转化为离散动态规划问题。

We will utilize tabu search and simulated annealing to determine the discrete decisions. Then, by using the discrete decisions, a mathematical programming model, proposed herein, will be used to solve the continuous decisions.

求解方法为先利用塔布搜寻法或模拟退火法找出离散决策，再带入一个以最小化总存货成本为目标的数学规划模式，以求解出连续决策的值与目标函数值。

The discrete random height variable of worn surface is described with continuous random variables by a mathematical method.

建立了磨损表面轮廓数值化基准、用连续随机变量来描述磨损表面轮廓线高度离散随机变量，对磨损表面高度分布作了数理统计分析，研究了载荷、滑动速度及镀层种类对磨损表面几何特性的影响，将数理统计分析结果与镀层的耐磨性作了比较分析，较为完整、深入地描述了磨损表面的几何特性。

A complete set of image processing and recognition of the source code This is our internal development and use of a image processing code, includes the most image processing and recognition processing function : as template transform, Image smoothing, sharpening, edge recognition, image filtering and fuzzy images, image inverse filtering, fuzzy image noise increases, Wiener filter images, linear transformation, gray tensile, histogram equalization, images corrosion, expansive images, image open operation, GIF correct coding, zooming, rotation, fast Fourier transform, discrete cosine transform, and so on and so forth, that is too many.

详细说明：一套完整的图像处理与识别的源码这是我们内部开发与使用的一套图像处理代码，里面包括了大部分图像处理与识别处理的的函数：像模板变换，图像的平滑、锐化、边缘识别、图像中值滤波、图像模糊、图像逆滤波、图像模糊加噪、图像维纳滤波、线性变换、灰度拉伸、直方图均衡、图像腐蚀、图像膨胀、图像开运算、GIF确码编码、缩放、旋转、快速付立叶变换、离散余弦变换等等，等等，太多了。

Contents : Chapter 4 Image Enhancement (contrast enhancement, gray transform, histogram dressing, image smoothing, sharpening, Pseudo-color and false color enhancement); Chapter 5 of Image Restoration (inverse filter rehabilitation, Wiener filtering method); Chapter 6 of image processing orthogonal transformation Fourier transform, discrete cosine transform (DCT, the Walsh transform, Based on the eigenvectors of transformation, Hotelling transform, SVD transform, wavelet transform, Mallat algorithm; Chapter 7 Image Coding Hoffman (Huffman coding, arithmetic coding, RIc, the bit-plane coding, predictive coding, DPCM.

内容：第4章图像增强（对比度增强、灰度变换法、直方图修整法、图像平滑、图像锐化、伪彩色和假彩色增强）；第5章图像复原（逆滤波复原、维纳滤波方法）；第6章图像处理中的正交变换（傅立叶变换、离散余弦变换、沃尔什变换、基于特征向量的变换、霍特林变换、SVD变换、小波变换、Mallat算法）；第7章图像压缩编码（霍夫曼编码、算术编码、游程编码、位平面编码、预测编码、DPCM、JPEG 2000编码

In order to overcome the difficulty of making a through investigation of each fracture in natural systems, a new concept of quasi double-porosity-medium was put forword and a new mcdel was also developed based on the partition of dominant fractured networks and quasi porous matrixes according to the transmissive and storage mechanism of frae tured medium.

双重介质水流耦合离散模型的建立，改变了以往对双重介质的概化和假设，能如实的反映裂隙系统和孔隙岩块的组合关系，不仅能描述裂隙系统的导水作用和孔隙岩块的贮水作用，还能描述孔隙岩块的渗透特征。对两类空隙系统间的水交替特点有了新的认识，并对以往的结论提出异议。

Based on the Saint-venant equations describing the channel flow movement, the nonlinear algebraic equations derived by the use of Preissmann weighted implicit four-point scheme are solved with the Netwon-Raphson method. A combined Gauss main-element elimination method with compress-storage technique is proposed. The relaxation iterative method for solving branch river networks is extended, which can turn the problem of any complex river networks into the problem of a series of single rivers. The coupling of hydraulic model with water quality model is built up. The combined model was applied to a large complicated river networks with numerical hydraulic structure which influenced by strong tide, storm and heave rain. Visualization of computational results is realized by means of MapInfo, which displays the computational results in fast, convenient and accurate way.

水力模型以描述河道洪水波运动的Saint-Venant方程组为基础，用Newton-Raphson方法直接求解按Preissmann加权四点格式进行离散所得的非线性代数方程组，提出了压缩存贮形式的Gauss列主元消去法并对数值解的收敛性进行了讨论；将支流流量的松弛迭代方法从树状河系推广到了环状河网，使任意复杂河网水力计算的问题都可化为一系列的单一河道的水力计算问题；建立了水力模型与水质模型的联接，初步应用于既有洪水、暴雨、强潮等综合影响，又存在多种水工建筑物及水力调度问题的大型复杂河网中的非恒定流水力、水质计算问题；利用MapInfo对计算结果的可视化进行了研究，有利于决策者快速、方便、准确地作出决策。

ABSTRACT Aiming at problems of trans-vector controller in a vehicle-carried induction motor such as variable rotor and stator resistance following motor temperature, and their inductance varying with flux saturation degrees. Firstly, CSI and VSI are introduced, for CSI, it can hold the advantages both FOC and DTC using stator flux directional, PI parameter and simulation are also introduced. Secondly, equations of IM in the synchronous rotary frame and its static counterpart, as figuring in the saturation condition of magnetic field, are dealt in this paper and the simulation results are presented. Thereafter, the parameter designing of PI trans-vector controller is processed, which features the non-linear model. In practical realization, as neglecting the dynamical change of motor inductance, this paper employs online modification of inductance parameters, according to the flux saturation, then transforms the non-linear equations into linear ones, and so compacts the structure of controller. Thirdly, in view of the maximum torque output is extraordinary requisite when Electrical Vehicle start up, accelerate, and overtake, this paper issues the maximum torque when both inverter and battery capacity is corporeally definite. Fourthly, on-line differentiating and analyzing both rotor's time constants and its flux by using the expanding order reduction and discrete Kalman filter equation are fathomed, in order to realize high-performance trans-vector algorithm, and also the simulation results are presented. Fifthly, the close-loop regenerative brake system, when the EV's torque is set constant, is deduced; at the same time, unification of electric drive model and brake model is executed. Combined with maximum charge current demands, the mathematical model for online yielding torque as a demand.

本论文针对车载异步电机在矢量控制器所遇到的问题：定转子电阻随温度变化及随电机饱和程度变化的转子电感及定子电感而影响电机调速性能提出一套完整的解决方案：分析了电流型逆变器和电压型逆变器在实现矢量控制时控制器参数的计算，分析出对于电流型逆变器在采用定子磁场定向时，其性能同时具有矢量控制和直接转矩控制两者的优势，并对电压型逆变器在转子磁场定向下的模型进行了仿真研究；建立异步电机非线性模型，推导出考虑磁饱和时异步电机在同步旋转坐标系及静止坐标系下的方程，并做出了仿真结果，建立异步电机在非线性模型下的矢量控制调节器的PI参数设计，在实际应用中，若忽略电机电感的动态变化，可以根据当前的磁路饱和状态而在线修正电感参数，从而将非线性方程线性化，降低控制器的复杂度；考虑到电动汽车在起动和加速超车时需要电机有最大转矩输出，本文讨论在逆变器容量一定和电池供电能力有限的情况下电机最大转矩输出问题；推导了异步电机扩展降阶、离散卡尔曼滤波方程在线辨识转子时间常数和转子磁通，用于实现高性能的矢量控制算法，并给出了仿真结果；推导出了电动汽车恒转矩给定的闭环回馈制动系统，实现了电动控制模型和制动模型的统一，而且结合铅酸电池最大充电电流的要求，为制动转矩在线给定建立了数学模型；设计了基于双DSP系统的高性能矢量控制器软硬件框图，并以大量实验数据说明矢量控制在电动汽车应用的实际应用状况。

Both methods for the construction of 2-i-i-dimensional integrable models together with techniques for the calculation of exact solutions are discussed.

通过连续的和离散的特征值问题的非线性化得到某些新的有限维可积系统和一个新的可积辛映射。

According to the clear water experiment, aeration performance of the new equipment is good with high total oxygen transfer coefficient and oxygen utilization ratio.

曝气设备的动力效率在叶轮转速为120rpm～150rpm时取得最大值，此时氧利用率和充氧能力也具有较高值。

The environmental stability of that world - including its crushing pressures and icy darkness - means that some of its most famous inhabitants have survived for eons as evolutionary throwbacks, their bodies undergoing little change.

稳定的海底环境─包括能把人压扁的压力和冰冷的黑暗─意谓海底某些最知名的栖居生物已以演化返祖的样态活了万世，形体几无变化。