离散分布函数

According to the principle of profit maximization and based on a discrete demand function which can be represented as a negative binomial distribution,the optimal pricing model for the perishable products is established.

基于一种负二项分布的离散需求函数，并在利润最大化原则下，建立了时效商品最优定价模型。

Events,Operation and Relation of Sets, Classical Probability, Geometrical Probability , Statistical Stability of a Frequency, Axioms of Probability, Conditional Probability, Total Probability Theorem, Bayes' Rule,Independent Events,Independent Repeated Trials, One Dimensional Random Variables, Discrete Random Variables, Distribution Function of a Random Variables , Continuous Random Variables, Normal Distribution, Distribution of a Function of a Random Variable, Multidimensional Random Variables, Joint Distribution Function, Marginal Distribution Function,Discrete Two—Dimensional Random Variables,Continuous Two—Dimensional Random Variables, Independent Random Variables, Distribution of Functions of Random Variables,Expectation,Variance, Covariance, Coefficient of Correlation, Bivariate Normal Distribution, Law of Large Numbers, The Central Limit Theorems, Sample and Population ,Chi—Squared, T and F Distributions , Sampling Distributions , Point Estimation , Interval Estimation , Testing Hypotheses , A Test of Significance for Parameters in a Single Sample From a Normally Distributed Population , A Test of Significance for Parameters in Two Sample From Normally Distributed Populations .

本课程的主要内容：概率的概念与运算、随机变量及其分布、随机变量的数字特征与极限定理、数理统计的基本概念、估计和检验的基本方法，随机事件与概率随机事件、事件的关系与运算、几何概率、统计概率等，条件概率、全概率公式、贝叶斯公式、事件的独立性、二项概率公式，随机变量的概念、离散型随机变量、随机变量的分布函数、连续型随机变量、随机变量函数的分布，多维随机变量及其分布函数、边缘分布函数、随机变量的独立性、二维随机变量函数的分布，数学期望、方差、协方差和相关系数、大数定律、中心极限定理，总体与样本， X 2-分布、 t-分布和 F-分布，统计量及抽样分布，假设检验的基本概念、单个正态总体参数的显著性检验、两个正态总体参数的显著性检验。

Although, there has a progress in employing the lattice Boltzmann equation for fluid dynamics and modeling complex physics in fluids recently, there are some problems to be solved, such as the negativity of discrete local equilibrium or evolutionary distribution and the limitation of low Mach number.

尽管近年来在应用格子Boltzmann 方程对流体模拟和建模方面取得了重要进展，格子Boltzmann 方法仍有很多问题需要解决，例如离散的平衡态分布函数及分布函数的非负性问题、低Mach 数的限制问题。

The application of the lattice Boltzmann method in unsteady open channel flows was studied in detail in the paper. An existing lattice BGK model was mended; For the problem of negative local equilibrium and evolutionary distribution, we proposed a lattice Boltzmann model based on cell-population equilibrium, which is a direct non-negative approximation to the continuous Maxwell distribution. The model reduces the transport and collision, two basic evolution steps in the LB model, to transport of the non-equilibrium distribution.

本文系统的研究了格子Boltzmann 方法在明渠非恒定流中的应用问题，改进了一个现有的LB 模型，数值实验表明此改进是有效的；在平衡态分布函数及分布函数的非负性问题上，作者提出了一个基于单元均衡的格子Boltzmann 模型，通过直接对Maxwell 分布函数的离散化实现对速度分布函数的非负离散，这种方法将传统模型演化过程中的碰撞和输运两个步骤直接表现为粒子的输运。

Compared with the discrete distribution, we defined a comparison function for continuous distribution, and pointed out the relationship between the discrete distribution and continuous distribution.

仿照离散分布，定义了连续分布的比较函数，并沟通了离散和连续分布的伴随关系。

The identity and difference in the expressional patterns between distribution functions of discrete random variables and distribution functions of continuous random variables are elaborated,and the main expressional patterns of distribution functions of continuous random variables are summarized,and the derivability of distribution functions of continuous random variables is discussed.

0引言在概率论中，连续型随机变量分布函数的表达形式及其可导性是一难点。其一，离散型随机变量的分布函数有较明显的性质和统一的表达形式，而连续型随机变量，由于其概率密度函数一般为分段函数，根据其分段区间的差异，表达形式差异较大，不容易总结其规律，本文主要比较连续型随机

Results: GLMMs allow the index may be one of the exponential family (Contimuum distributions including Nomal ,beta distribution ,chisquared distribution etc;Disperse distributions including Binomal ,Poisson and inverse Binomal etc), the vecor of expected means of the index is linked to the model parameters by a link function and model the linear equation, simple the calculator procedure.

结果： 广义线性混合效应模型允许临床疗效评价指标是指数家族中任意分布（如：连续分布包括正态分布、beta分布、卡方分布等；离散分布包括二项分布、泊松分布、负二项分布等），可以通过连接函数将疗效指标的均数向量与模型参数建立线性关系，简化运算过程。

The discrete velocity ordinate method in the kinetic theory of gases is developed and applied to discretize the correspo

借助非定常时间分裂法和无波动无自由参数的NND耗散格式，建立直接求解微观分子速度分布函数的有限差分数值格式；研究并发展可用于离散速度坐标点选取和离散速度空间宏观取矩的高斯─埃尔米特无穷积分方法、等均间隔的牛顿─柯斯复合积分法、以勒让德多项式的根为积分结点的高斯─勒让德数值积分法，并应用于不同马赫数绕流模拟；通过对不同流域一维激波管问题、二维圆柱绕流问题和三维球体绕流的计算研究，并将计算结果与其他途径得到的研究结果诸如DSMC模拟值、N-S解及有关实验数据进行比较分析，创建了一套能有效模拟稀薄流到连续流不同流域气体流动问题简化的统一数值算法研究框架

The three dimension reticular cell counting method is adopted to calculate the fractal dimension characterizing skew degree of gray level surface. With the two-dimension reticular cell counting method, the fractal dimension characterizing wrinkle shadow block distribution is obtained. By means of distribution function, the fractal dimension for the size distribution of wrinkle shadow block can be achieved.

提出以尺度变化的立体网格计算灰度曲面的分维数，表示灰度曲面的起伏程度；以尺度变化的平面网格计算织物折皱阴影块分布的分维数，表示阴影块的离散程度；以当量直径为尺度，计算分布函数的分维数，表示织物折皱阴影块尺寸的分布。

Based on the idea and technical in the references[16],[17]and[26]as well as the theories of martingale,Brownian motion and stochastical orders,the expectation of present value of annuities with controlled random interests is obtained,and the upper bounds of present value function of discrete stochastic annuities with random interests in sense of convex order are derived,and the numerical characteristics of upper bounds are also obtained,furthermore,the expec

基于文[16]，[17]和[26]的思想方法以及鞅、反射Brownian运动和随机序的理论，得到了控制随机利率下连续年金现值的期望，并给出了离散随机年金现值函数在凸序意义下的上界，讨论了上界的分布函数和停止损失保费，进而得到了离散的随机年金现值的期望。

But we don't care about Battlegrounds.

但我们并不在乎沙场中的显露。

Ah! don't mention it, the butcher's shop is a horror.

啊！不用提了。提到肉，真是糟透了。