离散分布

Since the equity's price change is discrete when transacting, we use the cumulative link model to build transaction model. We get the conditional probability distribution of the change of equity's price.

而单笔交易中证券价格的变动为离散变量，本文采用积累线性模型为其建模，得到了在一定的交易方向和交易量下，证券价格变动的条件概率分布。

However, via intensive numerical computation, the author finds that actually some characteristic of this confidence intervals, for example, confidence coefficient, expectation width and coverage efficiency fluctuate intensely when the sample size varies given the parameter, or when the parameter varies given the sample size.

但是我们通过精细的数值计算发现，由于总体分布的离散性，这些置信区间的特性(置信系数、期望长度、覆盖效率)实际表现为当参数固定随着观测次数变化或当观测次数固定随着参数变化而发生强烈震动。

In this method, first, the gray-scale image of the molten pool is obtained according to the fractal-based discrete Brown random field theory. Next, the connected domain is detected based on the binary morphology theory and is then used to remove the noise and obtain the target image. Moreover, the successive edges of the image are obtained by means of the Open-Close operation on the basis of the mathematical morphology theory.

该方法利用分形理论中的离散分数布朗随机场理论得到按分形维分布的熔池灰度图像，然后利用二值形态学中的连通域检测去除噪声并得到目标图像，进而利用形态学中的开运算和闭运算得到图像的强连通边界。

This method increases the continuity of the Morton code, decreases the depth of the octree, and improves data compression ratio.

这种点云是一个空间数据的集合，数据点之间是离散的、散乱分布的；同时，点云又是一个海量数据的

Therefore,the numerical algorithm of normal distribution function in continuous space is improved,so that the difficulty of the discretization of question difficulty and the difficul...

本文对连续的正态分布函数计算方法进行了改进，解决了试题难度的离散化和试题数量为整型值造成的试题难度正态分分配困难问题。

The paper puts forward a method of discretization of continuous properties based on distribution characterization of interval data.

提出了一种基于区间数据分布特征的决策表连续属性离散化的方法。

The conventional discrete random phases by registers shifting method are replaced by the introducing continuous uniform distribution phases. The proposed method can produce high quality random signals and is convenient in the software programming.

采用连续均匀分布的随机相位代替原来以寄存器移位方式生成的离散随机相位，这不但提高了信号的生成质量，而且使编程过程更简单。

In accordance with discrete, non-symmetry and time-delay feedback neural networks, we provide some theoretical criteria to judge the stability for designing the networks. On continuous feedback networks, we built an algorithm to estimate the convergence region. On the HNN feedback networks, an effective optimization algorithm based on the annealing strategy and the chaotic neural network is presented, and some disciplinary conclusions are provided to guide the selection of parameters. Simulation results on benchmark problems demonstrate that the performances of our algorithm are distinctly superior to those of the classic HNN based on gradient descend and stochastic optimization methods based on probabilistic distribution.

针对离散、非对称和时延等三种类型的动态反馈网络，给出了可用于网络设计的稳定性判别准则；针对连续动态反馈网络，建立了其收敛域估计的一个算法；针对以HNN模型描述的动态反馈网络，基于退火策略和混沌神经网络提出了一种高效的优化算法，建立了可用于指导参数选择的一些规律性结论，对典型算例的仿真研究显示，改进算法在各类性能上相对基于梯度下降的传统HNN模型和基于概率分布的随机优化算法，具有明显的优越性。

The main contributions are summarized as the following.Firstly, assuming demand is segmented by order lead time, a joint pricing and capacity allocation model is formulated considering scenario-based demand. Due to the stochastic discrete variable in the model, robust optimization is used to solve the model. Numerical examples prove our model and method reflect the stochastic characteristics of demand and provide more pratical pricing and capacity allocation policies than other methods of deterministic and stochastic expectation programming methods especially when the capacity is tight.

本文的创新之处概括为如下几个方面：首先，假设制造企业根据交货提前期对市场细分，建立了考虑需求情境的BTO模式下制造企业定价与能力分配的集成模型，利用稳健优化规划方法对此随机模型进行转化和求解，算例仿真表明随机优化规划方法较确定性规划和随机期望值规划方法更好地反映了随机离散需求的分布和波动特征，更加接近实际运作情况；产能越紧张，各类需求的价格差距越大，三种规划方法给出的最优策略差距越大。

In the final rendering period, the color field, directional point splatting and color refining technologies were applied to obtain a smoothed image of fire from discrete locations of particles.

在粒子渲染过程中，采用了色度场、有向点扩散和颜色锐化技术，由离散的粒子空间分布得到了较为理想的连续火焰图像。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。