离子间的

The presence of REE tetrad effects in apatites and whole rocks of S-type granites has been reported by Sha and Chappell (1999) and Zhao et al.(1999), respectively. The REE tetrad effect in minerals, such as apatite, spessartite, beryl, alkali feldspar and spodumene, from all zones of Altay No. 3 pegmatite has been found remarkable, and the fractionations among isovalent incompatible elements in these minerals are also significant. This paper puts forward that the REE tetrad effect is one of the basic features of peraluminous melts and the origin of REE tetrad effect might be probably related to some processes prior to the formation of pegmatite magma. The immiscibile liquid separation between silicate melt and hydrosaline melt may be responsible for it.

由于阿尔泰3号伟晶岩脉各带磷灰石以及与其共生的石榴石、绿柱石、碱性长石、锂辉石矿物均存在明显的稀土"四重效应"以及相同电价、相似离子半径的不相容元素间存在显著的分异，并结合最近赵振华等(1999)和Sha and Chappell(1999)报道S型花岗岩全岩和单矿物(磷灰石、独居石、长石、黄玉等)均存在稀土"四重效应"这一现象，本文研究提出，稀土"四重效应"是富挥发分过铝质岩浆体系的一个基本特征，其机制既不可能由含稀土的副矿物早期结晶引起残余熔体相中REE含量变化的结果，也不能定性地归因于流体相与熔体相相互作用过程中稀土元素在流体/熔体之间分异的结果，而很可能与伟晶岩岩浆形成之前某些过程密切相关，S型花岗岩岩浆在液相线以上存在硅酸盐熔体与高盐熔体的不混溶液相分离有可能是过铝质岩浆体系产生稀土"四重效应"的主要原因。

The osmotic coefficients and saturated vapor pressures have been calculated at the different temperatures .The experimental values of the osmotic coefficients for the Li_2SO_4-H_2O system were consistent with the values in the references. The results revealed the rules of the changing in osmotic coefficients and saturated vapor pressures with ion strengths and the molality fractions of Li_2B_4O_7 at different temperatures. The isopiestic equilibrium molalities were correlated by using the modified and the extended Zdanovskii rules for non-ideal mixtures, and obey well the Zdanovskii rules. The ion interaction parameters of Pitzer model have been determined by using the two methods for Li_2SO_4-Li_2B_4O_7-H_2O at 298.15K system.

本文计算了不同温度下该纯盐体系和混合盐体系的渗透系数和饱和蒸汽压，并将298.15K下的纯盐溶液渗透系数的实验值与文献值进行比较，取得了相一致的结果；揭示了不同温度下渗透系数和饱和蒸汽压随离子强度及Li_2B_4O_7质量摩尔浓度分数yb的变化规律；本文用Zdanovskii规则修正式和扩展式关联了298.15K下该混合盐体系的等压平衡浓度之间的关系，计算结果表明用这两个方程可以描述该体系在全浓度范围内的等压平衡浓度间的关系。

We have measured the translational energy and the angular distributions of the fragments. The C-Br bond fission dynamics in the ultraviolet photodissociation has been analyzed. The effect of coupling between the potential energy surfaces on the product channels has been discussed.

第二部分是利用离子速度影像技术对1，2-C2H4Br2、tert-C4H9Br和iso-C4H9Br的紫外光解动力学的研究，获得了光解产物的平动能分布和角度分布信息，分析了这些分子的断键机理，研究了势能面间的相互耦合对光解产物状态的影响。

Growth curves of different passges (P=5 and P=10) of rabbit MSC were drawn according to the MTT test. Modified Woodbury protocol was adopted to induce the neuron-oriented differentiation of rabbit bone marrow-derived MSC, that is, BME was applied to MSC in low dose and a relatively short span (D=3mM, and T=2h).

尝试使用膜片箝全细胞记录的方法记录诱导前后MSC的钾离子电流的变化，以反映细胞的电生理功能郑州大学20抖年硕士研究生学位论文间充质干细胞的体外培养及向神经元的诱导分化状态。

The results revealed that iontophoresis could significantly improve the penetration of SLN. The fluorescence of images indicated that the accumulation and the depth of QDs-SLN reached in skin increased with times. Anodal delivery of QDs-SLN resulted in a higher accumulation of QDs-SLN in skin than those of cathodal delivery. Furthermore, the vertical images of skin showed that fluorescence assemble in follicle and dermis, indicating that follicle and the junctions between the corneocyte clusters provide the pathway for SLN penetration into skin.

QDs-SLN在皮肤中的滞留量及透皮深度随离子导入时间的增加而增大；正极导入时，QDs-SLN在皮肤深层组织中的含量较高；通过荧光显微镜对垂直于皮肤表面的纵切猪耳全皮中QDs-SLN的分布情况进行考察，结果提示皮肤附属器及角质层中蛋白簇间的结合部位可能为SLN的透皮路径。

The Knoevenagel condensation reactions between aromatic and α,β-unsaturated aromatic aldehydes with barbituric acid can effectively be performed in ionic liquid without additional acid or base catalyst, it is a simple efficient method for the synthesis of benzylidene barbituric acids, which have been widely used in pharmaceutical chemistry as well as in organic synthesis.

芳醛、α，β-不饱和芳醛和巴比妥酸间的Knoevenagel缩合反应能在离子液体中没有酸碱催化剂的条件下顺利进行，是合成在药物化学和有机合成中有广泛用途的苯亚甲基巴比妥酸类化合物的简单有效的方法。

By the B3LYP calculation of DFT, the difference in changes of energy and charge of ion probe C〓 and C〓 interacting with hBN and graphite respectively and the difference in frontier orbital energy level reveal difference in electroaffinity of hBN and graphite. It could be indicated that hBN only shows weak electropositivity, and will not be able to accept electrons from metal.

根据密度泛函B3LYP方法的计算结果，从六方氮化硼与石墨的前线轨道能级和两者对离子探针的作用能及C〓和C〓的电荷变化不同所表现出的在电亲和性上的差异，揭示了金属难以插入六方氮化硼层间的原因是六方氮化硼仅显弱的电正性，不能接受金属转移来的电子。

The effect of ion exchange of Y-MCM-41 on the hydrogenation activity of Pd-Pt/Y-MCM-41 in tetralin hydrogenation reaction was examined wit...

结果表明，采用不同离子交换处理的载体所制备的催化剂，其金属的负载量、金属与载体间的相互作用存在差别，从而影响催化剂的加氢活性和选择性。

Based on the combination of nanoelectrodes(including metal and glass pipets) and SECM,and the droplet three-electrode system developed previously by our group,we have investigated the charge transfer kinetics at the polarizable liquid/liquid interfac...

围绕着扫描电化学显微镜与纳米探头的结合以及扫描电化学显微镜与极化的液/液界面的结合，本文研究了加速离子在可极化的液/液界面上的转移反应机理及其动力学，并对电子在液/液界面间的转移的Marcus翻转现象做了较详细的探讨。

The diversifications of abnormal peaks of dielectric constant and loss were clarified by space-charge model, and during phase transitions, the common-body contradiction was proposed qualitatively between the effect of space-charge model with hopping cation by changing frequency and that of current-carrier scattering by their structural transitions, their co-contributions decided the change behaviors of dielectric constants and loss.

以不同化学微畴的空间电荷模型讨论了相应介电峰和损耗峰的变化机理，提出在频率改变时畴中阳离子跃迁形成空间电荷的效应和相变所带来的载流子散射效应是一对矛盾共同体，它们间的贡献对比决定了介电常数和介电损耗的变化行为。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。