离子结构

Concretely speaking, using the irreducible tensor theory, we deuced the formulism for fine-structure energies of boron-like atoms in the ground and first excited states, which involves spin-orbit, spin-spin and spin-other-orbit interactions; completing all the angular integrations and spin summations needed, we make the final expression for fine-structure energies of boron-like atoms in the ground and first excited states in a combination of radial integrations. Afterwards, employing the wave functions we got in Chapter Three, we accomplished all the radial integrations and so obtained the fine-structure energies.

具体地说，利用不可约张量理论导出了类硼离子基态以及第一激发态的精细结构的表达式，给出了自旋-轨道、自旋-自旋、自旋-其它轨道相互作用等所涉及的所有角向积分和自旋求和的解析计算方法，完成了角向积分、自旋求和的计算，使类硼离子基态以及第一激发态精细结构能级最终可以表示为径向积分之和；在此基础上利用以前所得到的非相对论性波函数，进一步完成了所有径向积分的计算，从而得到了对应能级的精细结构的理论计算值。

Halogen ion can enter and break the phosphate glass network when they exceed certain content. The short range structure of metaphosphate and polyphosphate glasses are all built with phosphate chains. Most of lead ions still act as network modifiers, and some lead ions enter glass network to form tetrahedron or Pb-O-P linear linkages.

Br〓和F〓离子达到一定浓度时就会进入网络，使得玻璃网络发生断裂。P〓O〓含量为50mol％和40mo1％的玻璃样品结构都为链状结构，一部分pb〓离子进入玻璃网络中作为网络形成体，形成四面体或Pb-O-P键：而大部分的pb〓离子仍然作为网络修饰本。

In this paper, the current research status on structural characteristics and decomposition mechanism of supersaturated sodium aluminate solution are reviewed.

本文对过饱和铝酸钠溶液中铝酸根离子存在的基本形态，浓度、苛性比和阳离子对铝酸钠溶液结构性质的影响，溶液中多种铝酸根离子平衡与转化规律，以及铝酸钠溶液分解机理研究的现状进行了总结和评述；分析了现有铝酸钠溶液结构性质与分解机理研究的不足；围绕强化氧化铝生产中铝酸钠溶液分解过程的目的，提出了铝酸钠溶液结构性质与分解机理研究的重点。

Furthermore, the experimental k values were used to determine the associated activation energy, Ea, for the formation of La2/3TiO3-type phase using the Arrhenius plot and the following least-square equation, ln =-Ea/RT + A, where T is the annealing temperature, R is the universal gas constant, and A is a constant, resulting in Ea ~ 607 ?

第二部分则是以微观的方式来解析Pb2+离子与La4Ti9O24陶瓷以及La2/3TiO3-type相晶格之间的关系；利用化学共沉法来合成不同Pb2+离子添加量的La4Ti9O24陶瓷起始粉体，再以900 oC /1h的条件热处理；藉由选区电子绕射图谱以及X-ray绕射分析所生成之La2/3TiO3-type相结构；结果显示La2/3TiO3-type相之结晶结构为斜方晶之钙钛矿结构，符合空间群IbmmNo。

The crystal structures have been determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction.Cadmium atoms in compounds 1 and 2 show an eight-coordinated distorted square-antiprismatic geometry and a seven-coordinated distorted pentagonal bipyramidal geometryrespectively. Copper atoms in compounds 3 and 4 show a six-coordinated distorted threeprismatic geometry and a four-coordinated distorted tetrahedral geometry respectively.

所有配合物的晶体结构都通过单晶X-射线衍射确定：配合物1中的镉离子周围显示八配位的扭曲四方反棱柱构型；而配合物2中的镉离子周围显示七配位的扭曲五角双锥构型；配合物3中的铜离子周围显示六配位的扭曲三棱柱构型；配合物4中的铜离子周围显示四配位的扭曲四面体构型；配合物5中的锌离子周围显示六配位的扭曲八面体构型。

About tetra-n-butyl ammonium polyiodides: triiodide and pentaiodide anions are the basic building blocks; heptaiodide anion and undecaiodide anion are composed by triiodide anion, and nonaiodide anion is composed by pentaiodide anion. Therefore the character of triiodide, heptaiodide and undecaiodide polyiodides is similar, and that of pentaiodide and nonaiodide polyiodides is similar.

正四丁基多碘化铵化合物中：碘三离子和碘五离子是基本的结构单元，碘七离子和碘十一离子是由碘三离子构成的，碘九离子是由碘五离子构成的，所以碘三、碘七和碘十一形式的高聚碘具有相似的性质，碘五和碘九形式的高聚碘具有相似的性质。

A large releases of kinetic energy for channel CH3CS++ H of least energy might result from a dissociation mechanism according to which c-C2H4S+ isomerizes to a local minimum CH3CSH+ and then dissociates through a transition state to form CH3CS++ H. On the other hand, a predicted dissociation energy 11.05 eV for c-C2H4S ?

实验中观察到环硫乙烯离子解离成CH3CS++ H的解离通道释放出大量的平均动能，并采用G3计算预测环硫乙烯离子的解离通道，推测环硫乙烯离子异构化至次稳定态CH3CSH+结构，再经过渡态结构，断裂S-H键生成C2H3S+和H，同时释放出大量的动能。

The results show that, the chloride concentrations and diffusion coefficients are both a one-humped function of elevations (can also be the time scale of seawater infiltration), they increase with the increase of elevation until they get to the peak value, and then decrease with the increase of elevation; an evident relationship is being between the surface chloride concentrations and the wave forces acted on the concrete surface, while there is no much difference among the diffusion coefficients; the diffusion coefficients get to bigger as the depth from the concrete surface increase in the influence of the capillary structures evolution and chloride concentration, but this tendency of change was alleviated with the increase of depth.

研究结果表明：氯离子侵蚀混凝土设施的竖向分布规律为氯离子浓度、扩散系数与标高之间同为单峰函数分布，先随高程变大而变大，达到峰值后，随高程变大而减小；氯离子侵蚀混凝土设施的环向分布规律为混凝土构件表面氯离子浓度、氯离子通量与波浪力之间有明显的对应关系，波浪力越大，则表面氯离子浓度和氯离子通量越高，而扩散系数在各方位角差别不明显；由于混凝土长期服役过程中内部毛细孔隙结构演化以及氯离子浓度的影响，氯离子扩散系数随混凝土深度变大而变大，但这种变化趋势随深度逐渐趋缓。

Tudy on the structure and stablities of anion cluster(SiO_2)_nX~-3MR (three-membered ring) structure, 2MR (two-membered ring) linear chain structure and pseudotetrahedral cage structure have been proposed for the anion cluster (SiO_2)_nX~-(n=1~5 X=_, 0, OH).

iO_2_nX~-离子团簇结构和稳定性的理论研究主要研究(SiO_2)_nX~-(n=1～5 X=_，O，OH)离子团簇的三类典型结构(三元环结构、二元环链状结构和四面体笼状结构)。

Microscopic characteristics of cladded crystal fiber are analyzed by X-ray diffraction, Laue X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy, it is found that magnesium-ion indiffusion does not affect the single crystal structure and the domain structure of the magnesium diffused crystal fiber. It is found for the first time that MgO-rich layer in the magnesium diffused LiNbO〓 surface layer exhibits the crystal structure of an unknown compound from the Li-Mg-Nb-O ternary system and MgNb〓O〓. It is proposed for the first time that this unknown compound and MgNb〓O〓 in MgO-rich layer are the real sources of magnesium-ion indiffusion LiNbO〓. Their appearance indicate that MgNb〓O〓 is in the surface layer of MgO-rich layer, the unknown compound is in the subsurface layer and beneath where the MgNb〓O〓 is located, and these compounds have obviously preferred orientation.

通过镁离子内扩散法，首次在国内实现了具有阶跃和抛物折射率分布的c轴LiNbO〓单晶光纤和a轴Nd：MgO：LiNbO〓单晶光纤的芯—包层波导结构，为我国在该项目的研究填补了空白；建立了晶纤损耗的测量系统，提出了利用单模石英光纤作为晶纤入射光耦合器的思想；通过对晶纤损耗的测量，得到了包层晶纤比未包层晶纤损耗降低约14倍的好结果，并实现了低次模传输：对经镁离子内扩散实现包层后的晶纤的微观特性，利用X射线衍射，劳厄照相和扫描电镜表征发现，晶纤并不因镁离子的内扩散而影响其单晶结构和镁的扩散层畴的变化。

By the time of its fall, most of the prisoners were writers who had written against the corruptions of the government.

到它被攻陷的时候，里面多数的犯人是写了反对政府贪污文章的作家。

The most obvious variation to ovum morphological character was that the color was changed from light green to sepiaceous in embryonic development, and all the ovums were almost hatched after 96h.

在胚胎发育过程中卵的形态特征最明显的变化是颜色从淡绿到深褐色，卵在发育96h后卵基本全部孵化。