离子的

A 2D PIC model was used to simulate the PIII process for a planar target. The simulation results in one whole pulse show that the sheath expands with a decreasing speed and the sheath shape would change form elliptically cylindrical to circularly cylindrical. The dose distribution of ion implantation in the target surface is not uniform, and the concentration depth profiles of retained dose are considerably different, in different positions of the target.

本论文采用二维粒子模拟方法对等离子体离子浸没注入技术进行了模拟研究，在一个完整脉冲时段内，等离子体离子浸没注入平板靶的模拟过程表明：等离子体鞘层的扩展先快后慢，鞘层形状由椭圆柱形向圆柱形演化；注入离子剂量在靶表面的分布是非均匀的；在靶的不同位置注入的离子在改性层中的浓度深度分布有显著差别。

The results were as follows: Being infected virus, the electrolyte exosmosis rate of tobacco leaf was increased , while the increase rate of the leaf being injected ion was less than that of the control. The activities of SOD?

结果表明：病毒侵染后烟草叶片电解质外渗率增大，但离子注入后烟草的电解质外渗率增幅小于对照；病毒侵染后烟草叶片的超氧化物歧化酶、过氧化物酶、硝酸还原酶的活性及叶绿素含量均有所下降，但离子注入后烟草的上述酶活降幅较小；CAT活性在接毒后呈先低后高的变化，而对照在接毒后 10天该酶活性高出离子注入烟草 2倍多，随后剧降，到接毒 2 5天时仅为离子注入处理烟株 1/ 2。

From the analysis of theory and technique character of ion-implantation and the energies, the implant range and straggle of nitrogen ions in 4H-SiC calculated by TRIM, the method to calculate the channel depth of 4H-SiC MESFET is present based on the energy diagram's analysis of implanted layer.

通过研究离子注入的理论和工艺特性，以及蒙特卡洛分析软件TRIM对氮离子注入4H-SiC的能量、深度和偏差等参数的分析，在注入层的能带理论分析的基础上，提出了计算离子注入4H-SiC MESFET器件的沟道深度的方法，以及离子注入工艺参数，包括能量、剂量的确定方法。

In the first part, it was investigated the interaction between Pb2+ and La4Ti9O24 ceramic bulk. The result shows that a significant Pb2+ diffusion into La4Ti9O24 ceramic bulk and a significant crystallization of the La2/3TiO3-type phase is clearly observed in the Pb2+ diffusion layer. The reacted zone consists of the La2/3TiO3-type phase exhibits the linear dependence of the square of the thickness, x, on the heat-treated time, t, in excellent agreement with the parabolic law x2 = kt, where k is the growth rate coefficient. The kinetic study thus indicates that the Pb2+/La4Ti9O24 interaction strictly obeys the theory of the reactive diffusion. Furthermore, the experimental k values were used to determine the associated activation energy, Ea, for the formation of La2/3TiO3-type phase using the Arrhenius plot and the following least-square equation, ln =-Ea/RT + A, where T is the annealing temperature, R is the universal gas constant, and A is a constant, resulting in Ea ~ 607 ?b 60 kJ/mol.

首先， 以巨观的方式观察PbO与La4Ti9O24陶瓷体介面的反应现象；利用X-ray绕射分析以及扫描式电子显微镜来观察不同的热处理温度以及不同的持温时间所制作的样品，研究结果发现， Pb2+离子会渗入到La4Ti9O24陶瓷内，同时在Pb2+离子所渗入的区域内会产生新的La2/3TiO3-type钙钛矿斜方晶相；藉由量测不同温度与时间之样品，其因Pb2+离子渗入而产生之La2/3TiO3-type相层厚度之关系，符合反应式扩散机制中 x2 = kt 之关系式(其中 x：扩散层厚度； k：反应速率常数； t：反应时间)；进一步将不同实验条件所得到之反应速率常数值代入Arrhenius方程式ln (k =-Ea/RT + A ，其中Ea：活化能； T：绝对温度； R：气体反应常数； A：常数，可以求得Pb2+离子与La4Ti9O24陶瓷发生反应式扩散所需之活化能为607 ± 60 kJ/mol。

The study of the effect of Glycerol on survival of the E.coli shew Glycerol could protect E.coli and improve dry, vacuum and implantational survival rate during ion beam implanting the E.coli. The whole survival rate of protected the E.coli implanted by 30keV N+ was 530-10000 times higher than unprotect ones. Glycerol changed bacteria outer color and survival rate curve. At the same doses, the color of the E.coli protected by five and one percent Glycerol was white or yellow, lighter than unprotected. In addition, the survival rate curve of the E.coli with Glycerol located above one without Glycerol, and the peak of which was higher and delayed at dose.

在研究甘油对低能离子注入E.coli存活的影响时，发现甘油保护可以提高E.coli的干燥存活率，真空存活率以及注入存活率，使得整个30keY氮离子注入后E.coli的最终存活率提高530-10000倍；甘油保护引起离子注入后的菌体颜色发生变化，在相同的剂量下，未用甘油保护的菌体颜色最深，1％甘油保护菌体颜色次之，5％甘油保护菌体颜色最浅；另外，甘油可以引起离子注入E.coli的"马鞍型"存活率曲线发生变化，甘油保护的E.coli存活曲线大致位于未用甘油保护的存活曲线的上面。

We review the effect of rare earth ions on bone metabolism as the following three aspects:(1) effect of rare earth ions on differentiation and function expression of osteoblasts and osteoclasts;(2) effect of rare earth ions on the osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation of bone marrow stromal cells;(3) effect of rare earth ions on bone mineral phase of animals.

本文回顾了稀土离子对骨代谢影响的研究进展，探讨了其药用和安全性问题，主要从以下三个方面进行综述：(1)稀土离子对成骨细胞和破骨细胞的分化和功能表达的影响；(2)稀土离子对骨髓基质细胞成骨分化和成脂分化的影响；(3)稀土离子对动物骨矿物相的影响。

We review the effect of rare earth ions on bone metabolism as the following three aspects:(1)effect of rare earth ions on differentiation and function expression of osteoblasts and osteoclasts;(2)effect of rare earth ions on the osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation of bone marrow stromal cells;(3)effect of rare earth ions on bone mineral phase of animals.

本文回顾了稀土离子对骨代谢影响的研究进展，探讨了其药用和安全性问题，主要从以下三个方面进行综述：(1)稀土离子对成骨细胞细胞和破骨细胞的分化和功能表达的影响；(2)稀土离子对骨髓基质细胞成骨分化和成脂分化的影响；(3)稀土离子对动物骨矿物相的影响。

The results showed that loading Ag^＋, Ni^2＋, Cu^2＋ or Zn^2＋ ion on the activated carbon obviously improved its adsorption of benzothiophene, while loading Fe^3＋ or Co^3＋ ion on the activated carbon caused a decrease in its adsorption of benzothiophene in comparison with the original unloaded activated carbon, which was due to the variation of the nature of soft and hard acid on the surface of the activated carbon.

采用密度泛函数理论法计算结果表明，苯并噻吩的电负性χ为2.638，属软碱类物质；由于Ag^＋为软酸，活性炭负载Ag^＋离子，增加了其局部表面的软酸，从而增强了对苯并噻吩硫化物的吸附；由于Ni^2＋、Cu^2＋和Zn^2＋离子属交界酸，负载Ni^2＋、Cu^2＋、Zn^2＋离子增加了活性炭表面的交界酸，也在一定程度上提高了其表面对苯并噻吩硫化物的吸附；当活性炭表面负载了硬酸性Fe^3＋或Co^3＋离子，其局部表面硬酸增大从而降低了其对苯并噻吩的吸附。

Result showed that tetrasubstituted calix [4] arenes in lower rim were stronger complex abilities than bisubstituted calix [4] arene with transition metal, heavy metal and rare earth ions. But when introducing the aminephenolicalcohols in the 1, 3-bisubstituted calix [4] arenes, the complex abilities were improved.

结果表明：在Lower rim上四取代的杯[4]芳烃配体比1，3-二取代的杯[4]芳烃配体对过渡金属离子，重金属离子及稀土离子有更好的配位能力，但当1，3-二取代的取代基上引入醇胺链型配体时，对金属离子也有很好的配位能力。

Both catalytic activity and selectivity of Ru(PPh_3)_3Cl_2 were improved in ionic liquid BMImPF_6/DME medium.The conversion of hexene and selectivity ofβ-adduct for the hydrosilylation reaction of 1-hexene with triethoxysilane catalyzed by Ru(PPh_3)_3Cl_2 in ionic liquid BMImPF_6DME (V/V=1/4) medium at 90℃were 100% and 89.0%,respectively.

实验结果表明，在乙二醇二甲醚/离子液体1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑六氟磷酸盐(BMImBF_6)(V/V =1/4)介质中，于90℃下，己烯与三乙氧基硅烷反应的转化率为100%，β加成物的选择性可达89.0%，而用Rh(PPh_3)_3Cl作为反应的催化剂，在纯离子液体BMImPF_6中，就可以高效催化烯烃与三乙氧基氢硅烷的加成反应，过渡金属Rh(PPh_3)_3Cl，Ru(PPh_3)_3Cl_2催化剂/离子液体BMImPF_6催化体系，不仅解决了产物与催化剂分离困难这一难题，同时，离子液体BMImPF_6的存在提高了过渡金属Rh(PPh_3)_3Cl，Ru(PPh_3)_3Cl_2催化硅氢加成反应的活性，特别是β加成物的选择性。

Singer Leona Lewis and former Led Zeppelin guitarist Jimmy Page emerged as the bus transformed into a grass-covered carnival float, and the pair combined for a rendition of "Whole Lotta Love".

歌手leona刘易斯和前率领的飞艇的吉他手吉米页出现巴士转化为基层所涵盖的嘉年华花车，和一双合并为一移交&整个lotta爱&。

This is Kate, and that's Erin.

这是凯特，那个是爱朗。