离子的

In addition, the energy of s and p orbits of F2 or F3 ion is lower in the ferroelectric phase than in the cented symmetry phase and the covalence character of F1 ion whose contribution to the displacement is largest almost lose, which stabilize the structure of the ferroelectric system.

铁电相F2(F3)离子的能量低于中心对称相，最大位移贡献者F1的化学键性由弱共价作用到离子键的变化也是最大的，这均有利于体系的稳定。

In the titration experiment of NMR and IR spectroscopy, we can understand how sensors binding with metal ions: the two carbonyl group and crown ether group cooperated in binding with metal ions. Furthermore, by altering the "oxygen" atoms of crown ether to "sulfur", we can change the binding affinity to the soft metal: cupper. It shows 60-fold enhancement of fluorescence.

在化合物2中，我们引进了硫原子在冠状醚中，则应对电子密度较低之金属有较好的结合能力，实验结果显示了此分子对铜离子有相当好的选择性和结合能力，萤光增加可达60倍；同时由红外光吸收光谱和核磁共振光谱滴定实验可确知，香豆素衍生物上的两个羰基对金属离子的选择性及结合上扮演相当重要的角色。

Abundance of aluminium atom on the surface of diaspore is 1.7 times larger than that on the surface of kaolinite.Absorbing or ionizing H~+ result in charging on the surface of diaspore; Zata-potential of diaspore is variable with pH in the solution.

高岭石的荷电机理有两种：端面为氢离子的吸附和电离，电位随溶液pH的增大而降低；层面为金属离子的晶格取代，荷负电，与溶液的pH无关。

With the help of infrared spectroscopy, it is known that the linkage between dodecylamine and sodium oleate and diaspore, kaolinite, illite and pyrophyllite is fundamentally electrostatic forces, which contributes to physical adsorption. The adsorption is related with surface electric property of minerals. The effect of chemical composition of diaspores on their electrokinetics was investigated.

对于一水硬铝石矿物来说，三个主要晶面（010）、（100）和（001）上的单位面积断裂键数有如下关系：〓；一水硬铝石表面吸附的动力学模拟可以说明，一水硬铝石的（010）晶面、（100）晶面和（001）晶面，分别吸附几种捕收剂离子的吸附能大小为：（010）晶面的吸附能＞（100）晶面的吸附能＞（001）晶面的吸附能；分别吸附这些药剂离子的单位面积吸附量〓的大小顺序为：（010）晶面＞（100）晶面＞（001）晶面。

If equally high electronic conductivity can be introduced into fluorite matrix, They will be applied in oxygen membrane.

如果在较低的温度(600℃-800℃)工作，同时能够有效抑制电子导电的贡献，并保持高离子导电率，则CeO〓基材料可作为中温SOFC的固体电解质材料，所以在CeO〓基掺杂稀土离子的研究具有重要的意义。

The questing for acidic middle-temperature electroless Nickel technology leads to the preferable prescription as follows:Proportion of Nickel Sulphate and Sodium Hypophosphate 0.36; Sodium Acetate 15g/L; Stabilizer A lmg/L(Stabilizer B Img/L for continual experiment); Composite complexing agent Lactic Acid 10ml/L and acetic acid 10 ml/L; Accelerator organic acid G 6g/L; pH value 5.0; Loading Capacity ldm2/L; Temperature 70C (Temperature 75C for continual experiment); Proportion of supplement for Nickel Sulphate and Sodium Hypophosphate 1:1.2; Testing the consumed ion of Nickel solution and supplement inspissations solution every 60min by the proportion of 15% fresh solution.

最后，通过研究得出最佳工艺配方为：硫酸镍与次亚磷酸钠的摩尔比为0.36；乙酸钠15g／L：稳定剂Almg／L(周期实验加稳定剂B10mg／L)；复合络合剂组合为乳酸10ml／L+冰乙酸10ml／L：促进剂为有机酸G6g／L；pH值为5.0；装载量为1.0dm~2／L；施镀温度为70℃(周期实验为75℃)：主盐与还原剂的添加比例1：1.2；每60分钟对镀后液进行镍离子浓度的测定并按镍离子的消耗量添加浓缩液，添加比例按开缸液的15％。

Combining with the temporal and spatial distribution spatial distribution species radiation intensity,the detailed mechanism of the generation of laser induced species radiation was discussed, the continuous radiation comes from the Bremsstrublung emission of energetic electrons ejected from the target and recombination of electron and ion near target, the primary mechanism of atomic excitation and ion excitation in plasma is inelastic collision between the elemental species and high-kinetic energy electron,the model can explain the experimental results qualitatively.

讨论了激光诱导发光的机理，认为等离子体羽中连续辐射背景光主要来自近靶处高能电子的韧致辐射和电子与离子的复合激发，原子和离子光谱线主要由等离子体中高能电子的碰撞传能激发所引起，并用之较好地解释了所观察的实验现象。

Based on an amendment of ionization potential in hydrogen-like ions in terms of the theory of relativity and interaction of electron spin-orbit, we take into account the effect of the nuclear volume and the nuclear mass for the ionization potential.

在类氢离子电子束缚能一级相对论及电子自旋－轨道作用修正的基础上，考虑到原子核的质量效应及体积效应，计算了类氢离子的电离能，计算结果与文献提供的实验数据相符合，弥补了其他方法的不足。

Since the ion radial distributions in liquid directly affect the electroosmotic flow, this study is useful for electroosmotic flow research and the design of nanofluidic devices for species separation by applied potential gradient.

由于离子的径向分布对电渗流有直接影响，因此这一仿真对电渗流的理论研究和利用外电场实现离子分离的纳流体器件的设计具有重要的参考价值。

During the exposure to an electric field, the change of the transmembrane voltage can cause the remotion of the ions through the membrane. Then, the balance state of the ions which is necessary to keep the normal life activity is broken, and the physiological and biochemical state of the cells will be changed.

在外加电场作用下，细胞膜电压的改变导致了胞内外离子的穿膜运动，打破了维持细胞正常生命活动的离子分布的平衡状态，从而引起细胞产生有利于或不利于其存活的生理和生化状态的改变。

According to the clear water experiment, aeration performance of the new equipment is good with high total oxygen transfer coefficient and oxygen utilization ratio.

曝气设备的动力效率在叶轮转速为120rpm～150rpm时取得最大值，此时氧利用率和充氧能力也具有较高值。

The environmental stability of that world - including its crushing pressures and icy darkness - means that some of its most famous inhabitants have survived for eons as evolutionary throwbacks, their bodies undergoing little change.

稳定的海底环境─包括能把人压扁的压力和冰冷的黑暗─意谓海底某些最知名的栖居生物已以演化返祖的样态活了万世，形体几无变化。