离子生成的

It was rev ealed that:cuprite,malachite and tenorite are the three main kinds of copper-bea ring minerals which would be supersaturated when Cu concentration in the solutio n is high enough(higher than 0.0016 mol/L,0.0079 mol/L separately) under the stu dy conditions.Copper exists in the solution mainly as the species of CuCO3 ,Cu2+ and CuOH+.The corresponding content of CuCO3 would be decrea sed following the deposition of the copper-bearing minerals,nevertheless,Cu2 + and CuOH+ would be increased.

模拟结果表明，在土壤中常见的E h和pH及研究区的年平均温度条件下，溶液中铜离子的含量达到一定的浓度时，可以生成赤铜矿(当Cu≈00016 mol/L)、孔雀石及黑铜矿(当Cu≈0 0079mol/L)等次生矿物，溶液中Cu的存在形式也发生了变化，即CuCO3所占的比例不断减小，而Cu2+和CuO H+的含量则相继增高，且Cu2+的增幅大于CuOH+。

The study on the hardening mechanism of the soft soil with the materials shows that the hardening procedure can be divided into three stages:(1). Hydrating and dissolving stage, when material A and material B of the high-water-content and quick-setting materials respectively dissolve and balance in water.(2). Gel and consolidating stage, when the materials hydrate into calcium crystal and the ion exchange and aggregation of soil particles occur in an alkaline environment.(3). the structure developing stage, when the calcium crystals connect each other, absorb and crystallize the water around; the hydrate remnants, calcium hydroxide, carbonate continuously in water and in the air.

本文对高水速凝材料-软土硬化机理的研究表明，高水速凝材料-软土的硬化过程可分为三个阶段：①水化溶解阶段：主要为高水速凝材料的甲、乙料分别与水的溶解、维持平衡阶段；②胶凝固化阶段：主要为高水速凝材料的水化反应生成钙矾石晶体以及土颗粒在碱性环境中发生离子交换和团粒化作用；③强度增长阶段：钙矾石晶体相互连接，大量吸收周围环境中的水分，并将水分变成自己的结晶水；水化残余物氢氧化钙在水中和空气中发生碳酸化作用。

During the reaction,the bromide component has been converted to catalytically inactive benzylic bromide.In pure acetic acid medium,the "catalyst failure" occurs owing to the formation of benzylic bromide while in acetic acid-water medium,the solvolysis of benzylic bromide by water maintains the catalytic activity to some extent.

反应过程中溴组分会转变为无活性的苄溴，在纯醋酸溶剂中，催化剂会因苄溴的形成而发生催化剂失活现象；在醋酸-水混合溶剂中，由于水对苄溴的溶剂化作用会使苄溴还原为溴离子，一定程度上保持了催化剂活性；并且在一定范围内，含水量的提高有益于生成醛选择性的提高，研究表明，将混合溶剂的初始含水量控制在5-10wt。

The total amount of Mg and Fe ions in the equilibrium solution depends on the solubility of resulting double salts. The reaction speed is decided by the speeds of ionization of ammonia salts and brucite together.

平衡溶液中镁、铁离子的总量取决于生成复盐的溶解度，反应的速度是由铵盐电离的速度和水镁石电离的速度共同决定的。

The catalytic cracking of PS thermal product is assumed to proceed via carbonium ion species during which the oligomers appear to be more active.

通过PS在小型固定床反应器中热解及热解-催化结果的对比研究，就二者的产物分布差异探讨了PS热解-催化过程的正碳离子反应机理，对主要反应产物的生成途径作了推断。

The results show that isobutene oligomerization is fast liquid-solid reaction. Under the temperature of 80 ℃～120 ℃ and pressure of 2.0 MPa, the products of oligomerization are mainly dimers and trimers of isobutene. The yield of trimers is higher than that of dimers and the mass fraction of trimers decreases with reaction temperature increasing. The yield of tetramers is much lower than that of dimmers and trimers. The tetramers are formed by reaction of isooctenes and C8 carbonium ion.

结果表明，异丁烯齐聚反应为快速液固相催化反应，在80 ℃～120 ℃，2.0 MPa的实验条件下，反应产物主要是异丁烯的二聚物和三聚物，且三聚物的收率远高于二聚物，两者的浓度比值随反应温度的升高而下降；少量四聚物的生成主要源于碳八烯烃与碳八正碳离子的反应。

The electrolytic production are the middle matters of organic chloride and final matters of organic chloride besides dicarbonate . This may limit the application of electrochemical technology .Must consider the production and control of organic chloride when electrolysis organic wastewater concluding chloride ion.

苯酚和腐植酸在氯离子体系中的电解产物除了有CO_2这样的小分子气体外，还生成了有机氯中间体和最终产物，这可能会限制电化学氧化法的应用，在电解处理含氯的有机废水时必须考虑有机氯的形成和控制问题。

The method of the invention is that the double decomposition reaction is employed inside four chambers of an electrodialyzer to prepare the ion liquid with the high purity, with reactant from two chambers of the electrodialysis and the product from the other two chambers of the electrodialysis.

本发明的方法是在四室的电渗析器内，利用复分解反应，制备高纯度的离子液体。反应物来自电渗析其中的两室，产物生成在电渗析的另两室。

H+2 ions were implanted into ilmenite at room temperature,and the microreaction mechanism during the reduction of ilmenite was investigated by transmission electron microscopy.

实验发现，注入H2+离子后，[1-10]方向的金属铁晶体在[1-43-1]方向的钛铁矿晶体上生成；在钛铁矿还原过程中，金属铁的(2-2-2-)或(222)晶面优先由钛铁矿的(426-4-)和(4-2-64)晶面转变而来，钛铁矿还原到铁的结构变化是一个渐变过程

The results of experiment show that separate addition of mineral admixture (ground fly ash, slag fines, silica fume) into concrete can improve its resistance to chloride ion penetration and diffusion.

从机理上分析，矿物掺合料的火山灰效应改善了混凝土中水泥石与集料之间的薄弱界面，降低孔隙率，使孔细化，同时生成更多低碱度的C-S-H凝胶增加混凝土的Cl-固化能力，从而提高了混凝土抗氯离子渗透能力。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。