离子对

During the study, many factors, such as: density of H2SO4 solution, reaction ratio of materials, reaction temperature and time, are studied how to effect the extraction yield of Li2O. After these studies, the optimal conditions are summarized: 50% H2SO4 solution and lepidolite powder which has been grounded to a particle size of 80~100microns, react at 2:1ratio,120℃ temp for 8h～10h.

在此过程中主要探索了硫酸水溶液的浓度对氧化锂提取率的影响，以及硫酸溶液与云母粉的反应配比、反应温度、反应时间对提取率的影响；研究了提取液pH值的调节对溶液中金属离子的影响。

Owing to the abroad application of Candida rugosa lipase in the resolution of racemic aminoacides, the prepared lipase was used in the resolution of phenylglycine and tert-leucine. Through the optimization of the reaction conditions, such as reaction substrate, pH, temperature, ion strength and additives, enantiomeric excesses for phenylglycine and tert-leucine reached 96% and 90.1%, respectively, enantiomeric ratio came up to 28. 9 and 15. 4, respectively.

鉴于该酶广泛应用于手性化合物的拆分研究，本论文中选用了两种手性氨基酸作为拆分对象，通过对反应体系中一系列条件的优化，包括底物、pH、温度、离子强度以及添加物的使用，苯甘氨酸和叔亮氨酸的对映体过量值分别达到96%和90.1%，对映催选择率分别达到28.9和15.4。

Polyalcohol,preservative,metal ion and carbohydrate were experimented through single-factor tests,potassium sorbate,Na~+、K~+、Ca~(2+)、sucrose and lactose had great effects on the stability of mannanase M0710.Orthogonal experiments decided the optimal stabilizing agent were potassium sorbate 3%,sodium chloride 2%and sucrose 2%.

对突变酶M0710的稳定剂也做了初步研究，单一因素试验考察了多元醇类化合物、防腐剂、金属离子和糖类化合物等对目的酶稳定性的影响，其中山梨酸钾、Na~+、K~+、Ca~(2+)、蔗糖、乳糖对酶的稳定性有明显效果，通过正交试验最后确定效果最佳的液态酶M0710的稳定剂为山梨酸钟3%、氯化钠2%和蔗糖2%。

Based on the review about the application of modified bentonite in wastewater treatment, the study of adsorption of Cr in wastewater on modified bentonite, the sorption behaviors for dualcation organobentonites to sorb phenol and 2,4-dichlorophenol, the sorption mechanisms for modified bentonites to sorb pollutants from multisolute systems and the treatment of dye wastewater by the integrative was investigated.

本文在总结了国内外对改性膨润土在废水处理领域中的应用研究的基础上，研究了目前在此领域研究较少的有机无机复合改性膨润土对Cr废水的吸附、双阳离子膨润土对酚类吸附的贡献率、多组分复合体系的吸附机理及有机膨润土的合成-印染废水处理一体化工艺。

In this paper, the effects of different catalyst combinations on the synthesis of α-chloro-dodecanoic acid were investigated, in which a series of acyl chlorides such as 4-toluene sulfonyl chloride, dodecanoyl chloride, chlorosulphonic acid , etc.

本文从烯酮式反应机理出发，以α-氯代十二酸的合成为模型，对酰氯化试剂(对甲苯磺酰氯、十二酰氯、氯磺酸等)和质子酸催化剂(如H型离子交换树脂、氯磺酸、对甲苯磺酸、醋酸等)进行组合和选择，并与文献报道的特殊添加剂乙酐比较，研究不同催化体系在酸催化合成α-氯代脂肪酸时的催化作用。

This paper is a generalization and summation of some new progress in marine chemistry in the recent decade. The principal contents consist of seven parts:1. Oceanological survey. The oceanological survey covered the China Seas, the Pacific Ocean and the Antarctic Ocean.2. Interaction of minor elements and suspended matter in seawater and the theory of in-terfacial stepwise ion/coordination partical exchange.3. Effect of organic matters on the liquid-solid interfacial exchange and the rule of left-righ...

本文对近十年来海洋化学的若干新进展作了总结，主要包括下述7方面：(1)海洋调查，包括中国近海、太平洋和南极等；(2)海水中微量元素-固体粒子的相互作用和界面分级离子/配位子交换理论；(3)有机物对液-固界面交换的影响和S-型曲线左右移动规律；(4)海水化学模型发展的三个新趋势；(5)海水中金属的络合容量和金属-天然有机配位体络合物的条件稳定常数；(6)海洋有机化学和海洋生物化学；(7)结论，对海洋化学发展的四个特点作了分析和讨论。

Despite of some difference effected by acetosalicylic acid between this two kind of plants,we found that the enhancement of relative membrane penetration by heavy metal stress was reduced, the peroxidation of membrane lipids was alleviated and to some degree protected the membrane from injury by Cd~(2+),thus ultimately promoted the tolerance ability of plants to heavy metal stress .

尽管乙酰水杨酸对两种实验材料发挥作用的浓度范围有一定差别，但在受镉离子污染的培养液中施加乙酰水杨酸后，乙酰水杨酸均能有效的抑制重金属Cd~(2+)胁迫引起的细胞膜透性增加、膜脂过氧化水平升高，从而延缓了重金属对膜结构的损伤，最终增强了植物体对水体重金属污染的抵抗能力。

For double jet method, effects of used solvent, shape of stirrer, adding reactant position, reaction temperature, excessive silver ion concentration in reaction solution and adding rate on the nucleus formation, and growth of silver behenate crystal were systematically studied.

本文分别采用单注沉淀法和双注沉淀法制备了山嵛酸银晶体，通过对两种制备方法的对比及优选，最后确定双注沉淀法更适合制备细粒径的山嵛酸银，通过采用SEM、TEM等对山嵛酸银晶体形貌的表征发现，制备山嵛酸银所使用的溶剂、搅拌方式、加料的位置、反应温度、反应初始液中银离子浓度及加料速度等，均对山嵛酸银的晶体成核与生长有一定的影响。

The main conclusions are as follows:The vitellin of Chrysopa septempunctata was extracted with 0.4mol/L NaCl and then precipitated in cold distilled water. Ion exchange chromatography and proteic gel recovery were used to purify it further. SDS-PAGE analysis shows that the vitellin is composed of two subunits, the large one 165kDa and the small one 46kDa.Then automatic amino acid analyzer was used to analyse amino acid composition of vitellin.

主要结论如下：用蒸馏水沉淀法对大草蛉的卵黄蛋白进行了初步纯化，而后又采用离子交换层析和蛋白胶回收的方法对卵黄蛋白进行了进一步的纯化；通过SDS-PAGE分析表明，大草蛉的卵黄蛋白由大165kDa和小46kDa两个亚基组成；用氨基酸自动分析仪对纯化后的卵黄蛋白进行了氨基酸组分分析。

Methods: A model to evaluate lymphocyte proliferation stimulated with a polyclonal activator, concanavalin A, was established by vital dye carboxyl fluorescin diacetate succinmidyl ester labeling technique. Effects of the different doses of anisomycin on the lymphocyte proliferation were estimated by flow cytometry and MTT methods. The propidium iodide labeling technique was applied to assay the effect of the different doses of anisomycin on changes of the lymphocyte cell-cycle stimulated by ConA or by phorbol ester plus Ionomycin. The percentage of the expression level of CD69 and CD25 on the activated lymphocytes was evaluated by fluorescin-conjugated monoclonal antibody double labeling technique.

以活体染料羧基荧光素乙酰乙酸琥珀酰亚胺酯染色，建立在多克隆刺激剂刀豆蛋白A刺激下评价小鼠淋巴细胞增殖的模型，通过流式细胞术和MTT法分析茴香霉素在不同剂量下对淋巴细胞增殖的作用；采用碘化丙锭染色分析茴香霉素对ConA或佛波醇酯加离子霉素刺激的小鼠淋巴细胞周期变化的作用；利用荧光标记的单克隆抗体双染技术和流式细胞术观察茴香霉素对小鼠CD3~+T细胞早期及中期活化标志分子CD69和CD25表达的影响。

According to the clear water experiment, aeration performance of the new equipment is good with high total oxygen transfer coefficient and oxygen utilization ratio.

曝气设备的动力效率在叶轮转速为120rpm～150rpm时取得最大值，此时氧利用率和充氧能力也具有较高值。

The environmental stability of that world - including its crushing pressures and icy darkness - means that some of its most famous inhabitants have survived for eons as evolutionary throwbacks, their bodies undergoing little change.

稳定的海底环境─包括能把人压扁的压力和冰冷的黑暗─意谓海底某些最知名的栖居生物已以演化返祖的样态活了万世，形体几无变化。