离子对

Catalytic effect of ionic liquids to isobutane and butene alkylate reaction was studied,composition of ionic liquids,isobutane and butene mole compares factors to the alkylate reaction influence was reviewed.

研究了离子液体对异丁烷与正丁烯烷基化反应的催化作用，考察了离子液体组成、异丁烷与正丁烯物质的量比等因素对烷基化反应的影响。

In this paper, after taking over coupling effect between electronic spin and orbital angular momentum, to revise the formula of electronic angular momentum in Bohr's theory, and electronic speed formula is obtained in a single-electron system, and to correct the energy level formula of atomic orbit in Schr? dinger's method by relativistic effect, the theoretical improving formula is built for spectrum fine splitting calculation, the calculated values are in good agreement with experimental ones, and reflect changing law of spectrum fine splitting values.

本文在考虑了电子的自旋角动量与轨道角动量的耦合作用后，通过对Bohr理论中的电子运动角动量的修改，推导出单电子体系的电子速度公式，结合对Schrdinger的原子轨道能级表达式相对论效应修正，从而得出本文的氢及类氢离子光谱精细结构值的理论计算公式，应用此改进公式，所得的计算值与实验观测值符合得很好，计算结果也反映了氢及类氢离子光谱精细结构数据变化的规律性。

To explore more efficient ion extraction methods used in atomic vapor laser isotope separation, RF resonance method of ion extraction is studied by theory and PIC simulation.

为了探索用于AVLIS的更为有效的离子引出方法，对等离子体的RF共振离子引出方法进行了理论研究，用PIC方法对其进行了模拟。

To study the effects of factors such as electromagnetic field and electron temperature on the ion extraction characteristics (extraction time, collision loss ratio) in atomic vapor laser isotope separation, 2-D electron-equilibrium model was used to analyze and simulate the ion extraction process.

为研究各因素对原子蒸气激光同位素分离中离子引出特性的影响，采用二维流体理论电子平衡模型分析计算了引出过程中外加恒定电磁场和电子温度等因素对离子引出特性的影响。

In this thesis the planar bilayer lipid membranes inlaid with oxide cholesterol , phosphatidylcholine or cephalin have been prepared .The effects of membranes formulas on membranes stability and zinc ions transfer ability have also been studied.

中文摘要采用氧化胆固醇与磷脂混合作为成膜液制备双分子层脂质膜的方法，研究了制备平板双分子层脂质膜的配方和成膜条件，并对制得的双分子层脂质膜的稳定性、离子通透性、离子选择通过性能、双层膜中氧化胆固醇对通透性的影响等进行了研究。

The influence of steam-system key factors on the Long-term volume stability, including shrinkage and creep, of C50 high- performance concrete is systematic studied and the comprison expression between the internal humidity and self-contraction of C50 high-performance concrete is established in the Steam- environment.

系统研究蒸养制度各个关键因素对于C50管片混凝土的抗氯离子扩散性能的影响，并采用灰色关联分析方法对混凝土的氯离子扩散系数与其关联因子进行灰色关联分析，找出影响混凝土抗氯离子渗透性的主要因素。

In the second part of this thesis, the physical model, which used to describe the evolution of highly charged ions in the EBIT and provided by Penetrate, are discussed in detail. Based on this model, we have some modifications. The modified physical model takes the effect of the geometry of drift tube, the cumulation of space charge, and ionization heating into account.

在论文第二部分，我们详细讨论了Penetrate所提出的用来描述高价态离子在电子束离子阱中演化的物理模型，并在Penetrate所提出的物理模型基础上做了部分修正，修正后的物理模型考虑了漂移管的几何位形、电离加热以及电子束的空间电荷累积的影响，利用修正后的物理模型，对高价态离子在EBIT中演化过程进行详细地数值模拟。

Consequently the beam transmission problem is solved well. The general design curves of microwave plasma drift tube are developed by the theory and they can be used for development of the plasma microwave devices. Ion channel, as a important phenomenon in the interaction between electron beam and plasma, is first introduced into the study of PASOTRON, to replace the concept'plasma channel'used in general plasma microwave devices. A model is created to describe the channel performance. The channel is not stable, it is oscillatory and the oscillation frequency is larger than that of plasma.

作为电子束与等离子体相互作用的一个重要现象，本文首次将离子通道的概念引入到了PASOTRON的研究中，以区别常规的等离子体通道概念，并通过建立的模型推出离子通道并非一稳定规则的通道，而是具有振荡特性，振荡频率高于等离子体频率，推出了当满足一定条件时束外可能没有电子而成为纯的离子通道，这种状态对微波器件有重要的价值。

The main factors determined IMS resolutions are the initial ion gate pulse width and diffusion in the drift tube. We conclude the homogeneity of the electric field in the drift tube through analyzing the relation between resolution and ion gate pulse width and drift tube temperature. It is still concluded that inhomogeneity of the electric field has much influence on IMS resolution, which is generally ignored previously.

IMS分辨率最主要的决定因素是离子门脉冲的开门时间和离子在迁移管内的扩散效应，根据在不同离子门开门时间和不同温度下所作的分辨率关系曲线，我们推断出了迁移管内电场的均匀情况，并且得出在一般的IMS工作条件下，迁移管内电场的不均匀对分辨率也有很大的影响，这在以前人们讨论IMS的分辨率时通常被忽略，并没有引起足够的重视。

Water column samples taken from the northern and the southern lake centers in Hongfeng lake in summer stratification were measured about their water temperature, pH, the concentration of HCO3(superscript -), DO, Chla, NH4(superscript +), NO3(superscript -)、and PO(superscript 3- subscript 4). The pressure of CO2 (pCO2) was calculated by the chemical balance and the Henry's law.

在夏季分层期间对红枫湖南、北湖湖心的水样进行分层采集，同时测定了分层水样的温度、pH、HCO3浓度、溶解氧、叶绿素a及铵根离子NH4(上标+、硝酸根离子NO3(上标-、磷酸根离子PO(上标 3-下标 4的浓度，水体中CO2的分压(pCO2)由化学平衡及亨利定律求得。

According to the clear water experiment, aeration performance of the new equipment is good with high total oxygen transfer coefficient and oxygen utilization ratio.

曝气设备的动力效率在叶轮转速为120rpm～150rpm时取得最大值，此时氧利用率和充氧能力也具有较高值。

The environmental stability of that world - including its crushing pressures and icy darkness - means that some of its most famous inhabitants have survived for eons as evolutionary throwbacks, their bodies undergoing little change.

稳定的海底环境─包括能把人压扁的压力和冰冷的黑暗─意谓海底某些最知名的栖居生物已以演化返祖的样态活了万世，形体几无变化。