离子化

The procedure employs the attachment of a small anion to neutral molecules, which renders them ionizable with ESI.

这种方法采用一个小的阴离子与中性分子形成复合物，可以有效提高中性分子的电喷雾离子化能力。

Both of the analysis and the measurements showed that the particle zeta potential is close related to chemical properties of ionizable functional groups on particle surface, pH and specific adsorption of anions and cations.

结果表明，颗粒表面ζ电位与颗粒表面离子化官能团的化学性质、天然水pH值和专属吸附的阴阳离子Ca~(2+和PO_4~(3-)有密切关系。

The amide intermediate reacted preferably with amines in DMF solvent in the absence of catalysts to give the high yields of derivatives, which not only have high fluorescence sensitivity but also have strong ionizable ability.

IEBA在DMF溶剂中与胺类化合物形成的酰胺类衍生物不仅可发出强烈的荧光，还具有较高的质谱离子化能力。

Although most workers have found that samples containing ionizable components usually are best separated with mobile phases that have a pH less than or equal to 3 , some separations may be impossible at a low pH because components of the sample are unstable at a low pH; protonated basic compounds are eluted too soon; and required band spacings are unobtainable.

尽管许多工作者发现含有离子化组分的样品在流动相pH值低于或等于3的时候有最佳的分离，但许多样品不可能在低pH下分离，因为样品中组分在低PH下不稳定、质子化的生物碱洗脱太快、和不能达到要求的峰间距。

The results of the present research are as follows, The correlation between physico-chemical properties of organic compounds and their competitive power was studied, and it was indicated that organic compounds preferable to form H-bonding with organic matter of sorbents have stronger competitive power; Sorption behaviors of ionizable organic compounds in different species and their competitive power were examined, and the results showed that phenols and carbonxylic acids with benzyl circle have much stronger competitive power in molecular species than in ionized species, because negative charges of anionic forms can depressed their adsorption on the surface of the sediment; in contrast, organic bases such as aniline and p-chloroaniline show weaker competitive power in molecular species than in ionized species, and this is because both species of the organic bases could adsorb strongly onto the sediment; there is a correlation between competitive power of organic pollutants in multi-solute systems and their sorption isotherm nonlinearity in single-solute systems, and organic compounds whose sorption isotherms is linear in single-solute systems hardly have competitive power in multi-solute systems; Competitive sorption effects in more than two-solutes systems was studied, and it was exhibited that mixture of two cosolutes each of which could suppress sorption of nominal solute onto the sediment had synergistically competitive sorption effect on the nominal solute; A method about incorporating sorption/desorption of organic pollutants into river water quality model was developed, and discussion about degree of sorption/desorption effect on model prediction for different organic compounds was made, which will provide theoretical basis and practical processes for setting up more accurate water quality model.

论文主要取得了以下研究成果。(1)有机化合物的吸附竞争能力与其物化性质具有相关性，易与沉积物有机质形成氢键的化合物其竞争能力也比较强；(2)可离子化有机化合物的吸附竞争能力与其存在形态有关。酚类、含苯环的羧酸类化合物，其离子态的吸附竞争能力远小于分子态，其机理为有机酸阴离子所带的负电荷抑制了表面吸附能力，主要发生分配作用；而苯胺类化合物，其离子态和分子态都表现出显著的竞争能力，而且离子态的竞争能力略强于分子态，原因在于有机碱阳离子所带的正电荷促进了其表面吸附能力；有机化合物竞争能力的强弱与其单组分吸附等温线的非线性程度具有一定的相关性，吸附等温线近似为线性的化合物没有或只具有微弱的竞争能力；(3)对目标有机化合物的吸附具有竞争效应的有机化合物混合后，将对目标有机化合物的吸附产生协同竞争效应；(4)以京杭运河为例，率先提出了将有机污染物的吸附／脱附作用及水文水力参数耦合到水质模型中的方法，并讨论了吸附／脱附作用对不同有机污染物预测模型的影响，为建立更准确的水质模型及进行更客观的风险和生态评估提供了参考依据。

ABSTRACT The ionic strength of mobile phase can significantly affect the peak shape of ionogenic compounds such as antibiotics in reversedphase high performance liquid chromatography. The influence may be attributed to overloading of ionogenic analytes in lower ionic strength mobile phase.

在反相高效液相色谱过程中，流动相的离子强度可显著影响可解离的化合物如抗生素的色谱峰形，原因在于流动相的离子强度较低时，色谱填料的固定相易于过载，使离子化的化合物的色谱峰形呈典型的过载特征――峰形接近直角三角形。

ABSTRACT The ionic strength of mobile phase can significantly affect the peak shape of ionogenic compounds such as antibiotics in reversedphase high performance liquid chromatography. The influence may be attributed to overloading of ionogenic analytes in lower ionic strength mobile phase. In such phase, peak becomes increasingly rightangled triangle in shape with increasing sample load together with increasing peak width and tailing.

在反相高效液相色谱过程中，流动相的离子强度可显著影响可解离的化合物如抗生素的色谱峰形，原因在于流动相的离子强度较低时，色谱填料的固定相易于过载，使离子化的化合物的色谱峰形呈典型的过载特征――峰形接近直角三角形。

ABSTRACT ionic strength of mobile phase can significantly affect the peak shape of ionogenic compounds such as antibiotics in reversedphase high performance liquid chromatography. The influence may be attributed to overloading of ionogenic analytes in lower ionic strength mobile phase. In such phase, peak becomes increasingly rightangled triangle in shape with increasing sample load together with increasing peak width and tailing.

在反相高效液相色谱过程中，流动相的离子强度可显著可解离的化合物如抗生素的色谱峰形，原因在于流动相的离子强度较低时，色谱填料的固定相易于过载，使离子化的化合物的色谱峰形呈典型的过载特征――峰形接近直角三角形。

Methods The serum proteomics patterns of 46 cases of breast cancer, 40 cases of benign mastopathy, and 40 healthy subjects were read with surface enhanced laser desorption/ionization-time of flight-mass spectrometry (SELDI-TOF-MS) to screen significantly differential proteins, and to develop the classification tree model for the diagnosis of breast cancer.

采用表面增强激光解吸离子化飞行时间质谱(SELDI-TOF-MS)蛋白芯片技术，检测46例乳腺癌患者、40例乳腺良性病患者及40例健康女性血清，筛选出有分类意义的差异蛋白并建立分类树模型。

The dependence of the relative intensity of cationic molecule and fragmentation ion of an acetylated melezitose on the concentration of Na + or Li + in the matrix was studied by using fast atom bombardment source .

利用快原子轰击源研究了乙酰化松三糖的阳离子化分子和碎片离子的相对强度随底物中Na＋或Li＋浓度变化的趋势。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。