离子

The recovered ionic liquid was reused for four times with gradual decrease in the yield of phenylacetic acid.

在连续的4次离子液体回收利用过程中，随着离子液体使用次数的增加苯乙酸的产率逐渐降低。

Delayed Extraction Matrix Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization Mass Spectrometrywas used to high resolution analysis of mix based DNA samples,using the binary matrices 3 HPA(3 Hydroxy 2 Picolinic Acid)/PAand substrate nitrocellose film.

本文使用延迟引出基体辅助激光解吸/电离质谱( DE- MALDI- MS)法，以3-羟吡啶甲酸和吡啶甲酸混合液为二元基体，硝化纤维膜为基底，对混合碱基组成的 DNA样品进行高分辨率测定，获得满意的结果：DNA2 0 - mer分子离子峰分辩率为 8769，DNA 36- mer为 1 650 ，DNA 54- mer为 843，前二者的组成分子离子峰各同位素峰清晰可辩。

In order to improve the electrochemical performance of LiCoO2, the majorities of researchers are working on the adjustment and substitution of the lay element, in order to increase the extract and deintercalated quantity and overcharge-resistant ability, the method pillaring in the interbed is brought forward for strengthening the structure stability.

目前为了改善LiCoO2的电化学性能，多数研究者进行的是层板元素的调控和替换，但实际效果仍不甚理想，我们采取层间柱撑金属离子的办法来提高材料的结构稳定性，以增加LiCoO2材料的锂离子可脱嵌量以及耐过充电压。

In order to improve the electrochemical performance of LiCoO2, the majorities of researchers are working on the adjustment and substitution of the lay element, in order to increase the extract and deintercalated quantity and overcharge-resistant ability, the method pillaring in the interbed is brought forward for strengthening the structure stability.

目前为了改善LiCoO2的电化学性能，多数研究者进(来源：8272A27BC论文网www.abclunwen.com)行的是层板元素的调控和替换，但实际效果仍不甚理想，我们采取层间柱撑金属离子的办法来提高材料的结构稳定性，以增加LiCoO2材料的锂离子可脱嵌量以及耐过充电压。

Pillared clay is a kind of the mineral materials, which is synthesized by pillaring inorganic polycations or organic ionic groups into clay minerals. Modified clay is a two-dimensional mineral material with large surface area, high thermal stability, strong surface acidity and variable pore size, therefore it is widely used in such fields as catalyst, sewerage treatment, antibacterial material, photic functional material, ionic conductor, pharmacy, nano-complex preparation and nuclear scrap treatment.

柱撑粘土是矿物材料的一种，它是一种由聚合无机阳离子或有机离子插入粘土矿物中而形成的一种具有二维孔洞的矿物材料，具有比表面积大、热稳定性好、表面酸性强以及孔径可变等特性，因此在催化、污水处理、抗菌材料、光功能材料、离子导体、制药、纳米级复合材料制备、核废料处置等领域有着广阔的应用前景。

Calcium montmorillonite was prepared by purifying LeXi bentonite with wet method two times. After purification, sodium modification of Ca-M was studied. A series of Fe/Cr-pillared montmorillonites were prepared with conventional method using sodium montmorillonite as experimental materials, and synthesis condition of Fe/Cr-PILM was studied and optimized. In order to shorten the preparation cycle of PILM by overleaping the step of sodium modification of Ca-M, the pretreatment technique for Ca-M has been pointed out for the first time. A series of PILMs were prepared with hydrothermal method using pretreated Ca-M as starting materials, which show that pretreatment of Ca-M is feasible.

然后，本文以莱西膨润土为原料，用二次湿法提纯了-2μm的钙基蒙脱石，对其进行了钠化改型研究；以改型后的钠基蒙脱石为原料，新型的铁、铬复合离子为柱化剂，研究并优化了常规离子交换法制备PILM的工艺；为了简化PILM的制备工艺，我们首次提出了蒙脱石的预处理工艺，希望通过预处理后可以省去蒙脱石的钠化工艺，以Ca-M为原料直接合成PILM。

Pillared montmorillonite, as a representative of Sandwich like pillared interlayered clays ,caught many scientist"s attention not only because of its special structure of two-dimensional sheets but also its excellent activity of catalysis and adsorption. It is well documented that the method to prepare PILM, ion-exchanging, needed a long periods and was affected by many factors, and that the product had low thermal stability especially hydro-thermal stability which was the primary obstruction of its using in large-scale production. At the same time, PILM was well documented prepared with Na-montmorillonite, while there were a few documents about PILM prepared with Ca-montmorillonite. The large cost of remodel of Ca-montmorillonite to Na-montmorillonite was another obstacle of the application of PILM, while Ca-montmorillonite was widely distributed in nature, as a result, to prepare PILM with Ca-montmorillonite has practical significance. What"s more, PILM was mainly studied as a catalyst in oil refining process till now, but rarely documented in other catalysis reactions, especially in coal liquification filed which also needed high activity catalyst.

以柱撑蒙脱石为代表的具有&三明治&结构的柱撑粘土矿物因其特殊的二维孔道结构和优良的催化和吸附性能近年来成为国内外广泛关注和研究的热点，但是目前国内外大量报道的PILM制备大多采用离子交换法，生产周期很长，影响因素很多，并且产物热稳定性不够高，特别是水热稳定性较差，这是其不能在实际中大规模生产和应用的主要障碍，因此制备一种高稳定性的PILM意义非常；文献中大量报道的都是钠基蒙脱石合成的柱撑粘土矿物，传统的离子交换法必须将钙基蒙脱石钠化改型，其成本相当高，而自然界中大量存在的却是钙基蒙脱石，直接用钙基蒙脱石合成柱撑粘土矿物有很现实的意义，但目前这方面的报道却很少见；另外，迄今为止，PILM作为催化剂的研究领域主要在石油的炼制中应用，而在煤炭的液化中却鲜有报道，如果能在煤炭转化领域应用这一成果，其影响也将是相当大的。

Pillared montmorillonite, as a representative of Sandwich like pillared interlayered clays ,caught many scientist's attention not only because of its special structure of two-dimensional sheets but also its excellent activity of catalysis and adsorption. It is well documented that the method to prepare PILM, ion-exchanging, needed a long periods and was affected by many factors, and that the product had low thermal stability especially hydro-thermal stability which was the primary obstruction of its using in large-scale production. At the same time, PILM was well documented prepared with Na-montmorillonite, while there were a few documents about PILM prepared with Ca-montmorillonite. The large cost of remodel of Ca-montmorillonite to Na-montmorillonite was another obstacle of the application of PILM, while Ca-montmorillonite was widely distributed in nature, as a result, to prepare PILM with Ca-montmorillonite has practical significance. What's more, PILM was mainly studied as a catalyst in oil refinin g process till now, but rarely documented in other catalysis reactions, especially in coal liquification filed which also needed high activity catalyst.

以柱撑蒙脱石为代表的具有&三明治&结构的柱撑粘土矿物因其特殊的二维孔道结构和优良的催化和吸附性能近年来成为国内外广泛关注和研究的热点，但是目前国内外大量报道的PILM制备大多采用离子交换法，生产周期很长，影响因素很多，并且产物热稳定性不够高，特别是水热稳定性较差，这是其不能在实际中大规模生产和应用的主要障碍，因此制备一种高稳定性的PILM意义非常；文献中大量报道的都是钠基蒙脱石合成的柱撑粘土矿物，传统的离子交换法必须将钙基蒙脱石钠化改型，其成本相当高，而自然界中大量存在的却是钙基蒙脱石，直接用钙基蒙脱石合成柱撑粘土矿物有很现实的意义，但目前这方面的报道却很少见；另外，迄今为止，PILM作为催化剂的研究领域主要在石油的炼制中应用，而在煤炭的液化中却鲜有报道，如果能在煤炭转化领域应用这一成果，其影响也将是相当大的。

Calcium humic acid resin is synthesized by one step gel method. With the column filled with the resin made,the column poiser kept at pH 5～6, and with 0.01 mol/L HCl as an eluent, Ca 2+, Mg 2+ can be separated quantitatively.

利用一步凝胶法合成了钙型腐植酸树脂，用自制树脂装柱，控制柱平衡液的pH为5～6并以0.01mol／LHCl为洗脱液，使Ca2＋、Mg2＋离子与其它12种离子定量分离。

It was found that La〓 does not affect the binding affinity between calmodulin and Polistes Mastoparan, a known calmodulin binding peptide, neither the conformation of the ternary complex. Excessive amount of La〓 result in the decrease of the binding constant and the disrupted conformation. The binding affinity of La〓 to calmodulin increased in the ternary complex (La〓-CaM-Mas/Mas X), which suggested the coordination between the two global domains. The binding priority between the two global domains is also changed: La〓 more is likely to bind to the C-terminal of calmodulin than to N-terminal, thus facilitates the binding of Mas/Mas X to the C-terminal of calmodulin as the first step of the Mas/Mas X binding.

在以钙调蛋白结合肽—Polistes Mastoparan和Mastoparan X为对象的研究中，我们发现，除非过量，否则La〓的存在不影响钙调蛋白与Mas间的结合常数以及构象；过量的La〓（La〓/CaM摩尔比＞4）将引起钙调蛋白结合功能的下降，同时明显改变金属-钙调蛋白-Mas三元复合物的构象；La〓对Ca〓CaM-Mas的N末端表现高度选择性，显示了在三元复合物中两种离子间的协同效应；在三元体系中，La〓与钙调蛋白的亲和力明显上升，而且亲和力上升的程度因钙调蛋白结合肽的不同而有明显差异，显示了作用的选择性；Mas和MasX的存在改变了La〓在钙调蛋白上的结合顺序，La〓很可能优先与C末端结合，从而使Mas/Mas X首先与C末端结合，该顺序与钙离子相同；La〓的参与使三元复合物在动力学上更加稳定。

With Death guitarist Schuldiner adopting vocal duties, the band made a major impact on the scene.

随着死亡的吉他手Schuldiner接受主唱的职务，乐队在现实中树立了重要的影响。

But he could still end up breakfasting on Swiss-government issue muesli because all six are accused of nicking around 45 million pounds they should have paid to FIFA.

不过他最后仍有可能沦为瑞士政府&议事餐桌&上的一道早餐，因为这所有六个人都被指控把本应支付给国际足联的大约4500万英镑骗了个精光。