离子

Although the ion-exchange capacity of membrane quaternized by methyl iodide is higher than that of membrane quaternized by methylene diiodide,mechanical properties of the former are too poor to form membranes.

以一碘甲烷为季铵化试剂制备的离子交换膜其离子交换当量要比以二碘甲烷为季铵化试剂的要高，但机械强度差。在相同条件下，提高反应温度，有利于膜的季铵化反应，而不利于膜的磺化反应。

These data were used to infer the molecular formula and the elemental compositions of all the fragmental ions through software interpretation and, by further applying fragmentation regularities of mass spectrometry, the majority of ions were fully assigned. A base peak at m/z 402 in the mass spectrum was found as the molecular ion. The fragments were created mainly from the fragmentations of the tetrahydrofuran rings and the hydroxyl group. The most fragment products contain the dimethoxy phenyl group.

利用这些数据通过软件导出了分子式和所有碎片离子的元素组成，由此进一步根据质谱裂解规律对石梓醇分子的电子轰击质谱的主要裂解碎片给出了完全的归属，质谱中发现基峰为分子离子峰(m/z402)，裂解碎片主要来自双骈四氢呋喃环的裂解和羟基引起的裂解，绝大部分裂解产物包含二甲氧基苯基基团。

According to the simulation of up-flowing ions i. e., O (superscript +, H (superscript +) and He (superscript +) distribution function and using dynamic equation during dipolarization in substorm in magnetotail, ion acceleration and energization are investigated.

根据采用动力学方程对亚暴期间磁尾磁场向偶极形弛豫过程中离子分布函数的模拟结果，研究了磁尾来自电离层的O， H和 He离子的速度及能量随时间的变化。

This problem can be solved by adding proper amount of 2- ethane sulfonic acid to adjust the pH of the eluent so as to prevent the heteropoly acid from discomposing.

实验通过在常规淋洗液中加入适量两性离子后，调节淋洗液的pH为中性，从而能准确测定杂多酸中磷酸根氯离子和硫酸根的含量值。

On the other hand, a method for the synthesis of-vinyl chalcogenides by the coupling of vinyl bromides with thiols or diphenyl diselenide using copper salts as catalysts in ionic liquids based on amino acids also has been described. The ionic liquids play multiple roles in the reaction: they act as solvent, base, and excellent promoter for the copper-catalyzed coupling reactions.

在新型的氨基酸负离子的离子液体中，开发了一个亚铜盐催化的Z-型溴代烯烃与硫族元素的交叉偶联反应，为立体选择性的制备Z-型烯基硫醚或烯基硒醚类化合物提供了一个新的方法；在此反应体系中，离子液体不仅起到了反应溶剂的作用，而且还起到了金属催化剂的配体和中和反应副产物的碱的作用。

The disubstituted ureas and the catalyst could be separated by addition of water and the catalyst could be reused without deactivation.

新型高效的菲咯啉钯-离子液体含氮化合物羰化催化剂体系，以苯胺为反应物时该体系的转化频率可以达到6000mol/mol/h；氢氧化铯-离子液体催化剂体系，可以在不加入化学计量脱水剂的条件下活化二氧化碳与脂肪族胺反应得到二取代脲，反应结束后可以通过加入水实现产品和催化剂体系的分离，催化剂体系可以重复使用。

The extraction equilibrium constants of Nd , Eu , Am in the system of seven monoacidic organophosphorus compounds dodecane 1. 0mol/l NO〓are reported. The dependency of the extractability on the PO〓function group、bonding charactor、metallic ion species and the structure of substitute has been examined.

给出了七个烷基磷酸的正十二烷熔液从1.0mol／lNO〓水溶液中萃取Nd、Eu、Am的平衡分配常数Kex，考察了萃取剂PO〓官能团、萃合物成键特性、金属离子及取代基结构与萃取性能间的关系，发现了：（1）可运用取代基自由能加和模型预测辛基膦酸辛基酯对La、Eu、Nd、Am等三价离子的平衡分配数据。

In this thesis, inorganic ions were assembled to films by the interactions of the ions with functional groups of the polyelectrolyte, and then inorganic nanoparticles/polyelectrolyte composites films were prepared through chemical reaction. The properties and application of the films in electrocatalysis were studied.

本论文利用无机离子与聚电解质功能基团间的相互作用，用层层自组装的方法将无机离子组装到膜中，然后通过化学反应制备无机纳米粒子/聚电解质复合膜，考察了复合膜的性质及在电催化方面的应用。

The ability of electrochemically switched ion exchange depends largely on the concentration of ion,the ion type and scan rates.

溶液中离子的浓度、离子的种类是膜内阳离子交换的主要影响因素。

It is also found that the electroosmotic flow is in the opposite direction to that predicted by the classical continuum theory.

模拟结果表明，在双电层的某个区域内，同号离子的浓度超过了对离子的浓度，出现了电荷倒置现象；约占整个通道的三分之二内的区域内，溶液朝着与连续性理论预测的相反方向流动，出现了反转电渗流。

It has been put forward that there exists single Ball point and double Ball points on the symmetrical connecting-rod curves of equilateral mechanisms.

从鲍尔点的形成原理出发，分析对称连杆曲线上鲍尔点的产生条件，提出等边机构的对称连杆曲线上有单鲍尔点和双鲍尔点。

The factory affiliated to the Group primarily manufactures multiple-purpose pincers, baking kits, knives, scissors, kitchenware, gardening tools and beauty care kits as well as other hardware tools, the annual production value of which reaches US$ 30 million dollars.

集团所属工厂主要生产多用钳、烤具、刀具、剪刀、厨具、花园工具、美容套等五金产品，年生产总值3000万美元，产品价廉物美、选料上乘、质量保证，深受国内外客户的青睐