离子

The results of magnesium and calcium ions tolerance test indicated that the modified SPS, synthesized from the above two methods,has good chelation with magnesium and calcium ions for the crablike carboxyl and ester group and increase the reaction weight with magnesium and calcium ions for addition of hydrophilic group.Both of the two modified petroleum sulfonates could produce ultra-low interfacial tension at calcium and magnesium ions concentration lower than 600 mg/L,whereas the general petroleum sulfonates could only produce ultra-low value below 300 mg/L.

耐钙镁离子能力测试结果，以大庆炼化公司两种渣油为原料，采用上述两种合成方法制备的改性石油磺酸钠，由于产物中引入蟹爪状羧酯基，对钙镁离子有较强的螯合作用，同时增加了亲水基，增大了表面活性剂分子与钙镁离子的反应量，因而在600mg/L的钙镁离子溶液中获得10-3级的超低界面张力；而普通石油磺酸钠仅能在300mg/L的钙镁离子溶液中获得超低界面张力。

For the question of distribution and acceleration of ionospheric ions O+,H+ and He+ in the magnetosphere, the ions static distribution function is found by solving the dynamic equation, and the up-flowing ion static distributions with various Kp indexes are investigated. The ions distribution function during the geo-magnetic dipolarization is simulated, and the upflowing ion acceleration in the magnetotail is investigated.

针对磁层中电离层离子O+、H+和He+分布与加速问题，采用动力论方程求解了离子定态分布函数，研究了不同Kp指数条件下上行离子的定态分布；模拟了磁场偶极化过程中离子分布函数随时间的变化，研究了上行离子在磁尾的加速。

Results:Biochemical indicators: the concentrations of K+, Na+ and Cl－ in the serum after the infusion are different with those before the infusion; other indicators don't have the significant difference. The mean infusion time of group A is longer than that of group B (p=0.006), while the dosis letalis of KCl doesn't have significant difference between groups (p=0.062); the concentrations of K+ in blood, Na+, Mg2+ and Cl－ in serum have the significant difference between groups; the urine volume and the concentrations of all the urine electrolyte indicators don't have the statistical significant difference between groups.

结果：生化指标：输入钾前后，家兔血清钾离子浓度升高，钠、钙及氯离子浓度降低，具有统计学显著性差异，p=0.000；全血钾及血清其他离子浓度变化，以p=0.05为标准，不具有统计学显著性差异。A、B两组间比较结果：A组输液致死时间长于B组(p=0.006)，致死输钾量无统计学显著性差异(p=0.062)；全血钾、血清钠、镁及氯离子浓度变化值具有显著差异，血清钾、钙、碳酸氢根离子浓度变化值无明显的差异；尿量和尿液各电解质浓度指标无统计学显著性差异。

Therefore, the LsHNXs genes were cloned in this study, and their function was studied by RNAi. The main results were shown as follows:1 The conservative sequences of three LsHNXs genes (LsHNX1, LsHNX2, and LsHNX3), and the 3'-terminal specific sequences of LsHNX2 and LsHNX3, were cloned by RT-PCR and 3'-RACE.2 The plant RNAi vectors were constructed and the transformation of Limonium sinense was done. The RNAi lines of three single-genes and one double-gene were obtained and were propogated rapidly for the molecular and the stress tolerance analysis.3 To be compared with wild type, the Na+ and K+ contents secreted by the leaves of LsNHX1 transgenic plants were remarkably higher.

主要实验结果如下：1采用RT-PCR和3'-RACE方法从补血草中克隆获得LsNHXs基因家族三个成员LsNHX1、LsNHX2和LsNHX3的保守区序列以及LsNHX2和LsNHX3的3'端特异序列。2构建植物基因RNAi沉默表达载体并转化补血草，获得三个单基因和一个双基因的RNAi沉默表达植株，快繁转基因植株供分子鉴定和耐逆分析。3LsNHX1转基因植株叶片表面分泌物中的Na+、K+离子含量比野生型对照显著增加；叶组织内Na+离子含量和K+离子含量均略高，但差异不显著；K+/Na+比没有显著差异。4LsNHX2转基因植株叶片表面分泌物中的Na+离子含量比野生型对照有所下降，但差异不显著；K+离子含量比对照显著降低。

Based on the above experiments, the author studied the mixed metallic pillared and modified montmorillonites. The experimental result indicated that the microporous structure of Fe-Al-PLMs was affected by the changing of interlayer Fe-Al polymer with different Fe/Al ratio. But the presence of Al iron was helpful to incorporate Fe iron into interlayer of montmorillonites.. Introducing Zr helped Al-PLMs getting better larger spacing, thermal stability, surface area and pore volumes. Its successful to apply Zr-Al-PLMs to treat wastewater containing Cr iron. The experiment of modifying Al-PLMs by PVA showed that the order of adding starting materials (Al-pillaring solution, PVA, montmorillonite solution) was related to the property of Al-PLMs. The PVA as precursor was beneficial for Al to go into interlayer of the clay and to form larger basal spacing porous clay. The surface area and pore volumes of Al-PLMs increased mainly because of increasing the external surface area and mesoporous volumes after acid-activating. This conclusion confirmed that the microporous structure of pillaring clay depends upon the interlayer pillar.

实验结果表明：在Al-PLMs中引入Fe离子，不同Fe／Al比制得的Fe-Al-PLMs因层间的Fe-Al聚合离子结构不同而影响其微孔结构，但羟基Al离子的存在有利于Fe离子进入蒙脱石层间；在Al-PLMs中引入Zr离子，有助于其层间距、比表面积、孔体积增大，所得Zr-Al-PLMs应用于含Cr废水处理效果显著；PVA改性后的Al-PLMs其物化性质变化与铝柱化剂、PVA溶液、蒙脱石溶液三者不同添加顺序有关，说明PVA的前撑有利于Al进入蒙脱石层间得到较大层间距的Al-PLMs；经酸化处理得Al-acid-PLMs，其比表面积增大以外表面积为主，孔体积增大以中孔为主，这也证实了柱撑蒙脱石的微孔结构取决于其层间的柱化物。

In addition, the second rare earth, such as Tb〓、La〓、Gd〓 and Y〓, was separatively doped in the europium carboxylic complex and replaced some europium ions. The luminescence properties were discussed to research the effect of the second ions to europium ions.

本文将第二种稀土离子Tb〓、La〓、Gd〓和Y〓分别掺入到铕的羧酸配合物中，让第二种稀土离子部分取代铕离子，并详细地研究了不同含量的第二种稀土离子对中心发光离子铕荧光性质的影响。

In the second part, the current-voltage characteristics of the sensors were measured, their charge ionic mobilities were measured with polar inversion method and their ionic numbers were computed. It has found that ionization effect of some binding ions against a critical humidity took place in switchable humidity-sensitive materials, the effect is that some binding ions in materials turn into free ions when a given ambient humidity is reached called a critical humidity, avalanching conduct electricity occurs in materials.

在第二部分中，测试了高分子电阻型湿敏元件和开关型湿敏元件的伏—安特性，并用极性反转法测试了其导电离子的迁移率以及计算了相关的导电离子数目，发现了开关型湿敏元件的束缚离子的最小湿度电离效应：当环境湿度达到或者大于一特定湿度时，这一特定湿度称之为最小湿度，材料中某些束缚离子才电离成自由的导电离子，形成雪崩式导电。

The observed EMF values of oxygen concentration cell coincided withtheoretical values perfectly, indicating that the ceramics were purely oxide-ionicconductors with oxygen ion transference number of 1 under oxygen atmosphere over thewhole temperature range. The electrochemical oxygen permeation rates determined were inaccordance with the theoretical rates calculated from Faradays law, verifying directexperimentally that the oxide-ionic nature of the conduction under oxygen atmosphere. Athigh oxygen partialpressure range pO_2=10~(-5～10~5 Pa, they were almost pure ionicconductors, which was consistent with the result by means of oxygen concentration cell.Whereas at low oxygen partial pressure range pO_2=10~(-5～10~(-15)Pa, the samplesexhibited mixed ionic and electronic conduction.

结果表明，氧浓差电池电动势的实测值与理论值吻合得很好，氧离子迁移数为1，表明该系列样品在该温度下氧气气氛中为纯氧离子导体；氧泵实验结果进一步证实了该系列样品在氧气气氛中为纯氧离子导体；在氧分压pO_2=10~(-5)～10~5 Pa的高氧分压气氛中，电导率与氧分压变化基本无关，表明在该氧分压范围样品为纯离子导体，这与氧浓差电池电动势测定结果相吻合：在低氧分压为10~(-5)～10~(-15) Pa范围，总电导率随氧分压降低而稍有升高，表明在该氧分压范围样品为氧离子与电子的混合导体。

It is shown that in solution the ion pairs can exist in such different forms as contact ion pair, solvent-separated ion pair or free solvated ions. Solvent polarity influences not only the spectral properties of different forms, but the equilibrium between them as well, leading to change of physicochemical properties of the ion pairs.

观察到在溶剂中离子对可以各种形式存在，如紧密离子对、溶剂分隔离子对或溶剂化的自由离子，溶剂的极性不仅影响各种存在形式的光谱性质，而且影响它们之间的平衡关系，进而影响离子对体系的物理化学性质。

The results were as follows:①The potassium ion concentration in serum were 4.2,3.7 and 4.4 mmol/L, resp., in sikas, C.aibirotris and red deer examined of Qinghai province.②The potassium ion concentration in whole blood were 28.3, 27.4 and 28.9 mmol/L, resp.③The potassium ion concentration in erythro...

结果发现：①被检青海梅花鹿、白唇鹿和马鹿的血清钾离子浓度分别为4.2、3.7和4.4 mmol／L；②全血钾离子浓度为28.3、27.4和28.9 mmol／L；③红细胞钾离子浓度分别为70.5、75.4和74.4 mmol／L；④按全血钾离子浓度或红细胞钾离子浓度判定，全部被检青海三种鹿的红细胞钾型都是高血钾型。

With Death guitarist Schuldiner adopting vocal duties, the band made a major impact on the scene.

随着死亡的吉他手Schuldiner接受主唱的职务，乐队在现实中树立了重要的影响。

But he could still end up breakfasting on Swiss-government issue muesli because all six are accused of nicking around 45 million pounds they should have paid to FIFA.

不过他最后仍有可能沦为瑞士政府&议事餐桌&上的一道早餐，因为这所有六个人都被指控把本应支付给国际足联的大约4500万英镑骗了个精光。