离子

The reason may be that complex formed by rhodium and halide was difficult to produce the catalytic active species. Therefore halide ion was the poison for the rhodium catalyst in hydroformylation of olefins in ionic liquid. The effect of double long chain cationic surfactant (DCMAB, dicetyl dimethylammonium bromide) on selective hydrogenation of cinnmaldehyde catalyzed with RuCl3·x H2O/TPPTS was studied.

进一步的研究表明在使用有良好反应活性的两种催化剂HRh3 、Rh_2进行催化反应时，向体系中加入含有卤离子的化合物时将使反应活性大大降低，而且随着卤化物加入量的增加，催化剂的活性迅速下降，这是卤离子可能和金属铑作用使它难于生成催化活性物种，进一步证明卤素离子是引起催化剂活性下降的极其重要的因素。

In the acceleration, the ions energization is mainly in the middle of the period of the magnetic dipolarization and in the perpendicular direction; in the same condition, the acceleration for light ions is more quickly than that for heavy ions.

3在加速中，离子获得能量主要是在磁场偶极化过程的中期，且离子以垂直加能为主；在相同条件下，轻离子较重离子加能要快些。

The contribution of electrostatic interaction to the transfer volumes is predominant. The reduction in the electrostriction with increasing the concentration of salts was confirmed by the decreased hydration number.

氨基酸两性离子端基和阴阳离子间的静电作用对迁移体积的贡献是主要的，静电作用削弱了两性离子带电中心对周围水分子的电致收缩效应，造成氨基酸的理论水化数随盐溶液浓度的增加而减小。

Among them,the chemosensory properties of two molecular tweezers derived from diethoxycarbonyl glycoluril for metal ions were studied by fluorescent spectroscope.It was found that they both exhibited selective recognition towards Fe~(3+)among 13 metal ions investigated in DMF/CH_3OH(50:1, v/v)with fluorescence quenching,and formed 1:1 stoichiometry complex with Fe~(3+).

通过荧光光谱滴定考察了其中两个二乙基酯基甘脲分子钳异构体对13种不同金属离子的识别作用，研究表明在DMF/MeOH(50：1 v/v)中，它们能够很好地选择性地识别Fe~(3+)离子，与Fe~(3+)离子形成1：1的复合物并且呈现荧光淬灭效应，可作为Fe~(3+)的荧光化学传感器。

In this thesis, a series of complexes based on aromatic multicarboxylic acids have been successfully synthesized in solutions or under hydrothermal conditions. Their structure and properties are investigated.(1) Eight complex compounds have been synthesized and characterized by X-ray single crystal diffractive technology: The eight complexes are listed as following: [Cu242] complex 1 [Cd22(H2O)4]·4H2O complex 2 [Co(H2btc)(H2O)3] complex 3 [Co2(H2O)2]·H2O complex 4 [Ni22(H2O)4] complex 5 [Cu22(H2O)4] complex 6 [Co(H2biim)2(H2O)2](H2btc) complex 7 [Zn(H2biim)2(H2O)2](H2btc) complex 8 The structure of complex 1 is dinuclear complex resulted from weak interactions（0-D chain）; complex 2 is 1-D chain stucture result from interactions of water molecules; complex 3、4、5、6 are coordination polymers using hydrothermal synthses, where the first kind ligand is H4btc, the second kind ligand is phen and Co2+、Ni2+、Cu2+ as center ions, respectively. While the coordination enviroment of Co2+ is the same in complex 3, the coordination geometries around the Co atoms in complex 4 are obviously different because of the different reaction conditions. In complex 4, the 1-D chains are connected into 2-D layer through carboxy groups of ligand H4btc. The structures of complex 5、6 are 1-D chain stucture result from interactions of carboxy groups in ligand H4btc. Complex 7、8 are homeomorphy compounds. Either of them are linked to the 3-D chains through intermolecular hydrogen bonds. Each H4btc lose two protons and H2btc2- acts as negative electron balance.

合成了8个结构新颖的配合物，并用X-射线单晶结构分析方法确定了晶体结构，分别为： [Cu242] 配合物1 [Cd22(H2O)4]·4H2O 配合物2 [Co(H2btc)(H2O)3] 配合物3 [Co2(H2O)2]·H2O 配合物4 [Ni22(H2O)4] 配合物5 [Cu22(H2O)4] 配合物6 [Co(H2biim)2(H2O)2](H2btc)配合物7 [Zn(H2biim)2(H2O)2](H2btc)配合物8 配合物1是一个依靠弱作用连接的双核铜结构；配合物2借助水分子形成一维链状结构；配合物3、4、5、6是以H4btc为第一配体、phen为第二配体，通过水热法合成的配合物，其中，Co2+、Ni2+、Cu2+为中心离子；配合物3中的二价钴离子具有相同的配位环境，不同反应条件下得到的配合物4中的二价钴离子存在不同的配位环境，在配合物4中，一维链通过H4btc上的羧基形成一个二维层结构；配合物5、6是借助H4btc上的羧基形成的一维链状结构；配合物7、8属于异质同晶结构，它们的分子通过分子间氢键形成三维网状结构，H4btc上的羧基失去2个质子，作为一个二价负离子起到电荷平衡作用。

By electrospray ionization multistage mass spectrometry, the fragmentation pathways of ＋ and ＋ions of homocyclic peptides were studied in detail. The fragmentation pathways of ＋ ions were different from those of ＋ ions and their dissociation mechanisms were proposed, respectively.

采用电喷雾多级质谱技术，对系列均环多肽＋离子和＋离子的质谱裂解规律进行了系统研究，两种系列的离子具有不同的质谱裂解特征，分别提出了其可能的质谱裂解机制。

Four kinds of red oxisols (fine, mixed, acid, hyperthermic paleusult), with diverse capacity of adsorption, were mixed with 50ppm and 100ppm Cu(superscript +2)/Cd(superscript +2) and measured the ion concentrations of Cu(superscript +2)/Cd(superscript +2) under inequilibrium state at different time during the adsorption process.

本研究使用吸附能力不同的四个大度山红壤分别与50ppm和100ppm的铜离子或镉离子溶液混合，在吸附反应的过程中，测定未平衡状态不同时间的金属离子浓度，可以得到动态吸附现象的数据。

On the basis of intrapair and interpair correlation model, we have calculated the pair correlation energies of different kinds of systems, analyzed the changing rules of correlation energies of various electron pairs, and developed a reasonable and simple scheme called "Separating Large System into Smaller Ones". The basic idea of this scheme is that the correlation energy contributions of actual components in the ionic compound can be obtained using the correlation energy of ions with integer charge as the boundary conditions and incorporating the HF wave function or the distribution of electron cloud, then the total correlation energy of the system can be estimated by linearly summarizing the correlation contributions of these components.

在对内对间电子相关能理论模型的基础上，进行各类型化学键分子体系电子相关能的计算，分析电子对相关能的变化规律，建立合理的、&化整为零&的电子相关能简捷计算方案，其基本思想是对于离子键体系以整价离子的电子相关能为边界条件，通过HF波函数或电子云分布求得大体系中实际离子的电子相关能后，进行线性加和，即&化整为零、聚零为整&的思想。

The results showed that the kinetical rule of the ion-exchange reaction was not changed, the ion-exchange process was still controlled by the grain diffusion, and the concentration of Cl~- has little effect on the apparent activation energy of reaction if the total concentration of ion in the solution kept invariableness.

结果表明，在维持溶液中离子总的当量浓度不变的条件下，离子交换反应的动力学规律不会发生改变，反应仍然是受粒扩散控制，氯离子浓度对交换反应表观活化能的影响不大。

The results of the present research are as follows, The correlation between physico-chemical properties of organic compounds and their competitive power was studied, and it was indicated that organic compounds preferable to form H-bonding with organic matter of sorbents have stronger competitive power; Sorption behaviors of ionizable organic compounds in different species and their competitive power were examined, and the results showed that phenols and carbonxylic acids with benzyl circle have much stronger competitive power in molecular species than in ionized species, because negative charges of anionic forms can depressed their adsorption on the surface of the sediment; in contrast, organic bases such as aniline and p-chloroaniline show weaker competitive power in molecular species than in ionized species, and this is because both species of the organic bases could adsorb strongly onto the sediment; there is a correlation between competitive power of organic pollutants in multi-solute systems and their sorption isotherm nonlinearity in single-solute systems, and organic compounds whose sorption isotherms is linear in single-solute systems hardly have competitive power in multi-solute systems; Competitive sorption effects in more than two-solutes systems was studied, and it was exhibited that mixture of two cosolutes each of which could suppress sorption of nominal solute onto the sediment had synergistically competitive sorption effect on the nominal solute; A method about incorporating sorption/desorption of organic pollutants into river water quality model was developed, and discussion about degree of sorption/desorption effect on model prediction for different organic compounds was made, which will provide theoretical basis and practical processes for setting up more accurate water quality model.

论文主要取得了以下研究成果。(1)有机化合物的吸附竞争能力与其物化性质具有相关性，易与沉积物有机质形成氢键的化合物其竞争能力也比较强；(2)可离子化有机化合物的吸附竞争能力与其存在形态有关。酚类、含苯环的羧酸类化合物，其离子态的吸附竞争能力远小于分子态，其机理为有机酸阴离子所带的负电荷抑制了表面吸附能力，主要发生分配作用；而苯胺类化合物，其离子态和分子态都表现出显著的竞争能力，而且离子态的竞争能力略强于分子态，原因在于有机碱阳离子所带的正电荷促进了其表面吸附能力；有机化合物竞争能力的强弱与其单组分吸附等温线的非线性程度具有一定的相关性，吸附等温线近似为线性的化合物没有或只具有微弱的竞争能力；(3)对目标有机化合物的吸附具有竞争效应的有机化合物混合后，将对目标有机化合物的吸附产生协同竞争效应；(4)以京杭运河为例，率先提出了将有机污染物的吸附／脱附作用及水文水力参数耦合到水质模型中的方法，并讨论了吸附／脱附作用对不同有机污染物预测模型的影响，为建立更准确的水质模型及进行更客观的风险和生态评估提供了参考依据。

It has been put forward that there exists single Ball point and double Ball points on the symmetrical connecting-rod curves of equilateral mechanisms.

从鲍尔点的形成原理出发，分析对称连杆曲线上鲍尔点的产生条件，提出等边机构的对称连杆曲线上有单鲍尔点和双鲍尔点。

The factory affiliated to the Group primarily manufactures multiple-purpose pincers, baking kits, knives, scissors, kitchenware, gardening tools and beauty care kits as well as other hardware tools, the annual production value of which reaches US$ 30 million dollars.

集团所属工厂主要生产多用钳、烤具、刀具、剪刀、厨具、花园工具、美容套等五金产品，年生产总值3000万美元，产品价廉物美、选料上乘、质量保证，深受国内外客户的青睐