福利国家

Article 76 The State shall develop social welfare undertakings, construct public welfare facilities, and provide conditions for labourers to rest, recuperate and convalesce

第七十六条国家发展社会福利事业，兴建公共福利设施，为劳动者休息、休养和疗养提供条件用人单位应当创造条件，改善集体福利，提高劳动者的福利待遇

The change of the rural governance in the part of the State's viewpoint, the change of economic and political institution in rural area , the adjustment of law relation among familial members , and the evolvement of the social structure all have impacts on the effectiveness of family support for the elderly and oldster's welfare.

本文以治理和善治为分析框架，在实证研究的基础上，通过对传统时期、集体化时期、后集体时期的乡村治理与老人福利变迁的历史考察和后集体时期不同区域类型的乡村治理与老人福利的差异比较，得出如下结论：(1)不同时期老人福利状况不同，并不是家庭养老模式发生了变化，而是家庭养老的制度基础发生了变化，其关键因素是支持农村社区组织控制社区经济和约束社区成员的国家意识形态、经济体制、政治制度、法律文化等方面发生了变化；(2)中国发展是不均衡的，后集体时期，我国治理农村的制度框架基本相同，都是乡政村治、分户经营，但不同的地区的老人福利也有很大的差异，其主要原因是不同区域类型的村庄有不同的社会结构，其老人的社会地位和不孝行为所受村庄公共舆论约束力不同；不同区域的乡村组织状况不同，其乡村干部保障老人福利的意愿和力度不同；(3)在现有的乡村治理模式中，选举老人特别是在村庄定居的退休干部担任村组干部，发展自治性的老年协会和开展经常性的、群体性的老年文体娱乐活动，可以提高老人福利、改善乡村治理。

It is pointed out that the Thatcherite social welfare idea was an overall reaction to the collectivistic social welfare idea which rose in the late 19th century and the early 20 century, and a challenge to the postwar common sense of social welfare.

指出撒切尔主义社会福利观是对19世纪末20世纪初兴起的集体主义社会福利观的一种全面反动与对战后社会福利共识的—种挑战，其的核心内容是：欲重构社会福利服务供给体系中国家与社会、国家与个人间的责任关系，实现社会福利领域中责任分担的基本平衡。

Another example, in the event that fringe benefits that a state gives to its people are so sufficient that idlers could live well without the need of going to work, the good thing will come to its reverse because it connives at idlers' loaf around and dampens industrious people's enthusiasm.

又比如说，一个国家的福利，好到懒人可以不工作而衣食无忧，那么这个福利就纵容了懒人，打击了勤奋的人，久而久之，福利就会变成一个国家前进的沉重的负担。

As appropriate, consuls of maritime States and local representatives of foreign welfare organizations should, in accordance with national laws and regulations, be associated with the work of port, regional and national welfare boards.

在适当时，应根据国家法律和条例使海运国家的领事和外国福利组织的当地代表参与港口、地区和国家福利委员会的工作。

Some of the timidity in Europe is explicable: its generous welfare states have more "automatic stabilisers", such as payouts to unemployed workers, to support economies in recessions than hard-hearted America does.

欧洲的一些胆怯也是可以解释的：欧洲慷慨的福利国家比硬心肠的美国拥有更多的&自动稳定器&来支撑衰退中的经济，譬如对失业者的补贴。

Once upon a time we didn't need the welfare state because in North America the Christian concept of charity thrived to the extent that Alexis de Tocqueville, remarked that America is teeming with such associations and charities, choral groups, church study groups, book clubs, etc., and that they have a remarkably salutary effect on the whole society.

&曾经在很久之前，我们并不需要福利国家，因为在北美基督教的慈善观逆市的程度，托克维尔，他说：&美国是不虞这些社团和慈善团体，合唱团体，教会研究组，图书俱乐部等，使他们有一个非常有益的影响，对整个社会。

Once upon a time we didn't need the welfare state because in North America the Christian concept of charity thrived to the extent that Alexis de Tocqueville, remarked that America is teeming with such associations and charities, choral groups, church study groups, book clubs, etc., and that they have a remarkably salutary effect on the whole society.

&曾几何时，我们不需要，因为福利国家的概念，在北美基督教慈善蓬勃的程度，托克维尔，说：&美国是如此庞杂、慈善协会、合唱团、教会学社图书俱乐部等而他们都非常有益的影响整个社会。

With the bounty politicians extended Bismarck's welfare state, adding more heft to the "social-market economy" than founders like Erhard intended.

德国的政治家们慷慨地将俾斯麦的&福利国家&政策发扬光大，并且更加强调建立&社会市场&经济，其重视程度甚至超过了这一概念的首创者之一埃尔哈德（曾任联邦德国总理--译者注）原先的设想。

Over lunch on the day of the Queen's Speech for the opening of Parliament in London, a member of the Government ignored the programme of reform in the welfare state, because he wanted to know which of the five Spice Girls I fancied.

伦敦的某一天，在英国女王为议会开幕致辞的午餐会上，一位政府官员竟然置其福利国家改革计划于不顾而思想开小差，因为他想知道我喜欢辣妹中的哪一位。

As she looked at Warrington's manly face, and dark, melancholy eyes, she had settled in her mind that he must have been the victim of an unhappy attachment.

每逢看到沃林顿那刚毅的脸，那乌黑、忧郁的眼睛，她便会相信，他一定作过不幸的爱情的受害者。

Maybe they'll disappear into a pothole.

也许他们将在壶穴里消失