福利国家

This thesis uses Esping-Andersen's theory about the regimes of three welfare states (social democratic welfare state; state-corporatist welfare state; liberal welfare state) as well as Southern European welfare state regime to compare the policies regarding family/child allowance, tax credit, childcare and parental leave in Sweden, France, UK and Spain.

安得森(Esping-Andersen)传统的三个福利国家体制（瑞典的社会民主式、法国的国家组合主义式及英国的自由主义式）之架构，另外再加上南欧福利国家体制，以此四种不同的福利国家体制来分析瑞典、法国、英国及西班牙这四国对於单亲家庭在经济支持政策及儿童照顾政策这二方面的需求，所提出的相关社会福利措施及改革来进行研究探讨。

First part is the criticism of the institutional theory of western welfare states: firstly it argues against the limited of personal freedom and choice; then it argues against the importunity of result equality; at last it argues against the national monopolization of welfare.

首先弗里德曼从三个方面对福利国家的基本理念进行了批判：一是福利国家对个人自由和选择的限制；二是福利国家的收入分配强求结果平等；三是福利国家垄断福利市场。

This paper makes an analysis of the external and internal challenges that the German welfare state is facing, explores the contents and methods of its recalibration and the conflicts of interests during this process, and makes a judgment of the direction of its future development.

本文将剖析德国福利国家所面临的内外挑战，探讨德国福利国家进行自我校正的内容和方法以及校正过程中利益相关者之间的利益冲突，在此基础上对德国福利国家自我校正的发展方向做出判断。

It is worth pointing out here that our results indicate that all types of welfare states are redistributive, including the liberal welfare states.

它值得指出这里，我们的结果表明所有类型福利国家是redistributive，包括宽宏福利国家。

Of or relating to a welfare state .

福利国家的或者与福利国家相关的。

In the final chapter the focus is on the status quo and possible future of the British Welfare State.

末章是对英国福利制度的现状和前景的讨论，并再次明确了福利国家的本质特点。

The workings of welfare state capitalism quickly led to the creation of a situation, endogenous it must be remembered, that militated against the core principles and institutional features of welfare state capitalism.

福利国家资本主义的运作，迅速导致了这种局面的形成，内源性必须记住，这对核心原则和福利国家资本主义制度特点militated。

In order to change the situation. SPD innovated the traditional theory which brought a great change in its basic value, In term' of just value, it has changed from distribution to chance ;In terms of welfare, SPD claims an active welfare country which is based on the principle of bearing danger and chance together, enjoying right and obligation together; In terms of social management, SPD insist that it should be changed from nationalism which state is responsible for everything to Civil Society which the civics take on their duties first.

20世纪90年代末期上台执政的德国社会民主党接手的是处于危机边缘的福利国家，为了应对困境，德国社会民主党对传统理论进行了革新，基本价值观念发生了重大转变，在公正观念上，完成了从分配公正向机会公正的转变；在福利观念上，主张以风险和机会共担、权利和义务共享为原则的积极福利观；在社会治理观上，主张从国家作为社会治理的首要实施者的&国家主义&向公民是第一责任人的&公民社会&转变。

Besides, after capitalistic economy entered into a process of mild increase, country welfarism was caughted in serious financial crisises due to its excessive financial expenditures.

但是，这种过于全面的福利模式一方面助长了人们的懒惰情绪和对政府的严重心理依赖，另一方面随着资本主义的经济发展进入平缓期，福利国家的财政入不敷出，国家福利主义模式最终陷入了全面的危机。

In order to save the country welfarism, Giddens proposed a revolution method which has been called as the third way revolution. This new welfare revolution method puts its emphaisis on the combination of national interferences and limited market adjustments.

为了将福利国家从危机中挽救出来，以吉登斯为代表的西方学者对民主社会主义和新自由主义进行了折中与调和，提出了&第三条道路&的改革理念，即强调有限的国家干预和有限的市场调节相结合，主张社会福利中国家责任、社会责任以及个人责任的有效分担。

As she looked at Warrington's manly face, and dark, melancholy eyes, she had settled in her mind that he must have been the victim of an unhappy attachment.

每逢看到沃林顿那刚毅的脸，那乌黑、忧郁的眼睛，她便会相信，他一定作过不幸的爱情的受害者。

Maybe they'll disappear into a pothole.

也许他们将在壶穴里消失