神经轴

Research concerning research status and development of CNTF was selected, including changes of CNTF following nerve injury; the repair mechanism and protection of CNTF on neurons; regulation on reparative process; the recovery of axoplasmic transport function of axoplasm, as well as the regeneration on injured nerves.

纳入与神经损伤与睫状神经营养因子研究现状与发展密切相关的研究，包括神经元损伤后的变化；睫状神经营养因子对神经元的修复机制及保护作用，对修复过程的调控，对神经元轴浆运输功能的恢复，对损伤神经的再生作用。

Two types of pituicytes and three types of neurosecretory fibers (A1, A2 and B) have been recognized in neurohypophysis. The neurosecretory terminals contain different diameter and shape of secretory granules.

神经垂体组织中存在2种类型的脑垂体细胞，并可以区分A1、A2和B 3种类型的神经分泌纤维，其终端轴突中具有不同直径和形态的分泌颗粒；B型纤维轴突中含有许多透明小囊泡。

The results were as follows:The pituitary of Long-snout catfish included adenohypophysis and neurohypophysis. The adenohypophysis have six-cell types in common,i.e adrenocorticotro-phs,lactot-rophs,somatotrophs,gonadotrophs, thyrotrophs, and Melanotroph cells. In neurohypophysis, there were three types of neurosecretory fibres, types A1,A2 and B.There were different typesgranules in type A neurosecretory fibres axone.In type B neurosecretory fibres axone, there were many small transparent vesicles.

结果表明：长吻魷脑垂体包括腺垂体和神经垂体两个部分，腺垂体组织中有六种分泌细胞即促肾上腺皮质激素分泌细胞、催乳激素分泌细胞、生长激素分泌细胞、促性腺激素分泌细胞、促甲状腺激素分泌细胞、促黑色素细胞刺激激素分泌细胞；神经垂体组织中存在A型(A_1、A_2)和B型神经分泌纤维，A型分泌纤维轴突中具有不同类型的分泌颗粒，B型分泌纤维轴突中含有许多透明小囊泡。

The results were as follows: The pituitary of Long-snout catfish included adenohypophysis and neurohypophysis. The adenohypophysis have six-cell types in common,i.e adrenocorticotro-phs,lactot-rophs,somatotrophs,gonadotrophs, thyrotrophs, and Melanotroph cells. In neurohypophysis, there were three types of neurosecretory fibres, types A1,A2 and B.There were different types'granules in type A neurosecretory fibres axone.In type B neurosecretory fibres axone, there were many small transparent vesicles.

结果表明：长吻魷脑垂体包括腺垂体和神经垂体两个部分，腺垂体组织中有六种分泌细胞即促肾上腺皮质激素分泌细胞、催乳激素分泌细胞、生长激素分泌细胞、促性腺激素分泌细胞、促甲状腺激素分泌细胞、促黑色素细胞刺激激素分泌细胞；神经垂体组织中存在A型(A_1、A_2)和B型神经分泌纤维，A型分泌纤维轴突中具有不同类型的分泌颗粒，B型分泌纤维轴突中含有许多透明小囊泡。

Among the involving factors, neurotrophic factors in the microenvironment adjoining to perikaryon and neurites play crucial roles in maintaining survival, promoting orientional regrowth of axons and re-expression of functional phenotype of neurons.

近年来大量神经生物学研究表明：在影响损伤后神经修复或再生的诸多因素中，神经元胞体及轴突周围微环境产生的一些神经营养因子发挥着维持受损神经元生存、促进神经再生、恢复神经功能表型等重要作用。

Pathological examination showed the obvious edema in myelin sheath,axons and perineurium in 2 w group,and disintegrated myelin sheath,degenerated axons and hyperplastic fibrous connective tissues in the other model groups.

病理学观察：卡压2周组神经束内髓鞘、轴索和神经束膜纤维出现明显水肿，余卡压组可见髓鞘崩解、轴索变性，纤维结缔组织增生逐渐明显。

Lundborg G. Structure and function of the intraneural microvessels as related to trauma, edema formation, and nerve function.

Dahlin等[5]从病理和生化方面的研究发现，神经压迫产生轴索内正向和逆向的轴浆运输障碍及细胞体的破坏，从而导致神经功能的异常。

Cells were collected to undergo HE staining and immunocytochemistry reaction against Thy-1 to identify RGCs. Axons length of retinal neurons and RGCs were measured by microruler under microscope respectively to evaluate the neurotropic effects of B vitamins in improving the regeneration and growth of axons for retinal neurons and RGCs. Finally, we observed the reaction of retinal neurons when exposed to the insult of glucose deprivation. The neuroprotection of B vitamins were also evaluated at the same time.

对B族维生素的神经营养和保护作用的研究过程分为三个阶段，首先确定维生素B族对视网膜神经元是否有神经营养作用，并根据细胞活力找出最佳有效作用浓度；然后在接种细胞的即刻用各种维生素的最佳有效作用浓度作用于视网膜神经元，并在不同时间终止培养，收集细胞，HE染色和RGCs的免疫细胞化学染色，分别测量视网膜神经元和RGCs的轴突长度，评价维生素B族是否有促进视网膜神经元和RGCs轴突再生伸长的神经营养作用；最后，观察视网膜神经元对低糖损伤的反应，及维生素B族对受损的细胞是否有保护作用。

The secondary injury following graded ONIs is reflected by time course, survival ratio and loss ratio of RGCs and axons. The regeneration is observed by TEM and explored by immunohistochemical detection of growth-associated protein-43 (GAP-43) by TEM and modified Glees silver impregnation on which the regeneration index is based to evaluate the regenerating ability following graded ONI.

利用视网膜节细胞和轴突计数的方法以及节细胞和轴突的存活率和丢失率观察不同程度视神经损伤后的继发损伤反应，利用透射电镜和GAP-43免疫电镜技术以及神经特殊染色技术观察损伤后的再生反应，并基于银染技术用再生指数衡量不同程度视神经损伤后神经再生能力。

Main points of the thesis are as follows:(1) The main function models and information relations between these models in the CAPP system in the integrated CAD/CAM project are explained, a new process plan design method is mentioned based on analyses of process plan design. This method is based on the process plan prototype, and develops the prototype little by little until the perfect process plan is completed, the prospect of this method is discussed;(2) The feature abstracting rules and methods are studied, a feature coding system is developed based on GT, all the defined feature models are described by the mathematical methods;(3) The integrated method of CAD/CAPP based on features is mentioned, this method defines a feature exchanging model, and develops an interface software to exchange design data into technology data base, this technology data base includes the design and technology information of the parts;(4) The process plan reasoning method based on features is created, this method uses Mycin algorithm to solve the reasoning of the feature process plan. A process plan making system is developed. In this system part process plan is made by the semi-intelligent method, this method uses the feature reasoning, feature process chain searching and man-computer talking together;(5) The main structure of the HOPE system is introduced, a shaft drawing and its process plan made by this system are shown, the data process problem in process drawing making is also discussed;(6) A new method of describing process rule is introduced, this method uses IfThen rules and neural nets weight values together to describe process rules, the BP algorithm is adopted in this method;(7) The optimal machining sequence problem of the process steps on the same fixturing is discussed, optimal algorithms SA is applied to solve this problem, the result shows that this method is more efficient than the traditional method;(8) All jobs in the thesis are summarized. In order to carry out the research in the future, some rational proposals are given.

全文论述的内容主要有下列几个方面：(1)较为系统地阐述了CAD／CAM一体化工程项目中CAPP系统的主要功能模块及其信息流程，在分析工艺设计过程的基础上，提出了基于特征原型的渐进式工艺设计方法，并探讨了该方法的应用前景；(2)研究了零件特征提取的原则和方法，在成组技术的基础上，开发了一套基于特征的分类编码系统，并在提取零件特征的基础上，定义了零件特征的数据模型，开发了基于轴类零件特征的参数化设计系统；(3)研究了基于特征的CAD／CAPP集成的方法，通过定义零件特征数据模型的存储结构，开发了将设计数据转换到工艺数据库中的接口程序，为后续的CAPP系统提供必要的零件形状和工艺信息；(4)研究了基于特征的工艺推理方法，将Mycin算法应用到工艺决策中，开发了基于特征的工艺推理及工艺方案生成系统，在系统中综合运用特征推理、特征加工工艺链查询及人机对话相结合的半智能化方法确定零件加工工艺；(5)介绍了整个HOPE系统的总体结构，通过运行HOPE系统绘出了一轴类零件的零件图，并生成了该零件的加工工艺方案，初步探讨了基于特征的工序图生成技术中数据处理问题；(6)研究了工艺设计过程中知识如何有效表示的问题，提出了将显式的IF-THEN规则表示与隐式神经网络权值表示相结合的工艺知识表示方法，并利用BP算法进行了工艺知识表示的初步研究；(7)研究了工艺设计过程中同一安装下工步优化排序问题，利用神经网络中基于模拟退火的理论来解决该工步优化排序问题，实践证明该方法较传统的算法具有更高的效率；(8)总结了本文所进行的研究工作，为今后进一步开展工作提出了较为合理的建议。

However, as the name（read－only memory）implies, CD disks cannot be written onorchanged in any way.

然而，正如其名字所指出的那样，CD盘不能写，也不能用任何方式改变其内容。

Galvanizes steel pallet is mainly export which suits standard packing of European Union, the North America. galvanizes steel pallet is suitable to heavy rack. Pallet surface can design plate type, corrugated and the gap form, satisfies the different requirements.

镀锌钢托盘多用于出口，替代木托盘，免薰蒸，符合欧盟、北美各国对出口货物包装材料的法令要求；喷涂钢托盘适用于重载上货架之用，托盘表面根据需要制作成平板状、波纹状及间隔形式，满足不同的使用要求。