神经营养

objectiveto summarize the clinical effect of repairing soft tissue defects in lower part of shank, the foot, with antidromic island flap providing blood supply by suralis nerver.methodsfrom january to december 2006,there were 10 cases repairing soft tissue defects with antidromic island flap providing blood supply by suralis nerver, including 9 males and 1 females.

目的：初步总结腓肠神经营养血管逆行岛状皮瓣在修复小腿中下段及足部创面的临床效果。方法：2006年1月～12月，我科采用腓肠神经营养血管逆行岛状皮瓣共10例，皮瓣最大面积为18cm×13cm，最小为4.5cm×10cm；其中男9例，女1例。

Results GDNF plays extensive roles in the development and disease of motoneuron.

胶质细胞源性神经营养因子(glialcellline-derivedneurotropicfactor，GDNF)最初是从大鼠胶质细胞系B49的条件培养基中分离纯化获得的一个新的神经营养因子，GDNF为分泌性碱性蛋白质，在中枢神经系统和周围器官中有广泛分布，其表达受不同的转录因子等调控。

Neurotrophin-3/neurotrophic factor 3 is the important member of neurotrophin family, which can prevent embryonic and postnatal motoneuron death, maintain neuron survival, promote reparation and regeneration after nervous injury, and regulate synapse activity of neuron.

神经元营养因子-3 （neurotrophin-3， NT-3），是神经营养因子家族的重要成员，具有阻止胚胎期及出生后运动神经元细胞死亡，维持神经元的存活及促进神经损伤后的修复与再生，并参与调节神经元突触活动的作用。

GDNF has been reported to exhibit trophic actions on various neurons of central nervous system and peripheral nervous system .

GDNF对中枢及外周的多种神经元有神经营养作用，与目前已知的神经营养因子相比，GDNF对受到损伤的多巴胺能神经元和运动神经元的促存活作用最为显著。

Brain-derived neurotrophic factor is the most abundant neurotrophin in many parts of brain, such as pallium, hippocampus and so on.

脑源性神经营养因子(brain-derived neurotrophic factor，BDNF)作为脑组织中含量最丰富的神经营养因子，在中枢神经系统内合成并广泛存在于脑组织，包括大脑皮层、海马、基底前脑、纹状体、下丘脑和小脑，其中以海马和皮层中含量最高。

Among the involving factors, neurotrophic factors in the microenvironment adjoining to perikaryon and neurites play crucial roles in maintaining survival, promoting orientional regrowth of axons and re-expression of functional phenotype of neurons.

近年来大量神经生物学研究表明：在影响损伤后神经修复或再生的诸多因素中，神经元胞体及轴突周围微环境产生的一些神经营养因子发挥着维持受损神经元生存、促进神经再生、恢复神经功能表型等重要作用。

Part 1: Permeability of Exogenetic BDNF through placental barrier of pregnant rats and blood-brain barrier of fetus with transient uteroplacental ischemiaObjective To investigate the potential of BDNF to penetrate the placental barrier and get into the fetus and pass through the blood-brain barrier of fetus to play neuroprotective function in the condition of transient ischemia.

第一部分：外源性脑源性神经营养因子在宫内缺氧环境中对胎盘及胚鼠血脑屏障通透性的实验研究目的：探讨外源性脑源性神经营养因子在宫内缺氧环境下能否通过胎盘屏障进入胎鼠体内，再通过胎鼠血脑屏障进入胎鼠脑组织而发挥其生物功能。

Many studies reported suggest both neuronal precursor cells before innervation of target fields and the neurons of adult animal coexpress neurotrophic factors and their receptors, implying that autocrine and paracrine modes of NTFs exit. It has been observed that a number of neurotrophic factors and their receptors were expressed in cultured hippocampal cells and dorsal root ganglionic cells.

研究表明，无论是靶组织联系建立以前的神经元前体细胞，还是成年后的神经元，均有神经营养因子与其受体的共同表达，提示有神经营养因子自分泌和旁分泌存在的可能性。

In the second part, we investigate the neurotrophy mechanism of qingkailing effective composition antagonizing ischemic injury, and comprehensively analyze the experimental results and come to the conclusions as follows: 1. Qingkailing effective composition can promote the activation of astrocyts during the early period after ischemia.

第二部分采用线栓法大鼠MCAO模型，围绕神经营养因子，从不同家族、同一家族的不同成员、同一成员的因子及其受体三个层次，探讨了清开灵有效组分抗局灶性脑缺血损伤的神经营养机制及效应特征。

Methods The rat MSCs were isolated primarily from the femurs and tibias of the Wistar rats. MSCs were cultured, proliferated and purified by passage culture. After being induced by bFGF, cultuered MSCs were divided into experimental groups (GM1 group, GDNF group and GDNF+ GM1 group) and control group.

取雄性Wistar大鼠股骨和胫骨骨髓，进行MSCs的体外培养、传代扩增及纯化。bFGF预诱导24 h后，依据加入的神经营养因子不同分为单唾液酸四己糖神经节苷脂（GM1）组、胶质源性神经营养因子组和GDNF+GM1组，以及对照组。

We have no common name for a mime of Sophron or Xenarchus and a Socratic Conversation; and we should still be without one even if the imitation in the two instances were in trimeters or elegiacs or some other kind of verse--though it is the way with people to tack on 'poet' to the name of a metre, and talk of elegiac-poets and epic-poets, thinking that they call them poets not by reason of the imitative nature of their work, but indiscriminately by reason of the metre they write in.

索夫农 、森那库斯和苏格拉底式的对话采用的模仿没有一个公共的名称；三音步诗、挽歌体或其他类型的诗的模仿也没有——人们把&诗人&这一名词和格律名称结合到一起，称之为挽歌体诗人或者史诗诗人，他们被称为诗人，似乎只是因为遵守格律写作，而非他们作品的模仿本质。

The relationship between communicative competence and grammar teaching should be that of the ends and the means.

交际能力和语法的关系应该是目标与途径的关系。