神经营养

The species of extracellular ATP can participate the effect of nerve system not only as the neurotransmitter and modulator but also has a trophic action to glial cell and neuron. It participates in many courses, e.g. cell differentiation and apoptosis, the morphologic change of chondriosome, to stimulate the synthesis and release of cytokine and nerve growth factor. It has a great influence to neurological growth and plasticity.

细胞外ATP类物质不仅可以作为神经递质及调质参与神经系统的功能，还可对胶质细胞及神经元产生营养作用，广泛参与细胞分化及凋亡、细胞线粒体形态变化、刺激细胞因子及神经生长因子的合成及释放等过程，对神经系统的发育及可塑性变化产生重要的影响。

Objective To examine the distribution of ubiquitin positivestructures in brain of Chorea Huntington and pathological basis of cognitive and psychiatric symptoms in a large Northern-Chinese kindred.

目的 研究Huntington舞蹈病的组织病理改变特点，观察泛素阳性营养不良性神经突起和神经细胞核内包涵体在大脑不同部位的分布规律，探讨痴呆和精神异常的病理基础。

The ubiquitin positive dystrophic neurites and neuronal intranuclear inclusions in frontal and temporal cortex as well as in limbic system might be a pathological basis in the development of psychiatric symptoms.

额叶、颞叶和扣带回皮层出现神经细胞核内包涵体或营养不良性神经突起可能是精神异常的病理学基础。

Our study confirmed that the frequency of ubiquitin positive neuronal intranuclear inclusions and dystrophic neurites were varied markedly in different area of cerebral cortex. Owing to the marked neuropathological changes in frontal cortex,the cognitive symptoms should be considered as a frontal -subcortical dementia.

大脑皮层出现泛素阳性神经细胞核内包涵体和营养不良神经突起在大脑不同区域的分布存在很大的差异，由于额极也存在明显的病理改变，所以此病的智能减退属于额叶皮层-皮层下性痴呆。

In conclusion, Schwann cells from wallerian degenerating facial nerves of rats might bear with similar biological characteristics and functional phenotype to those from sciatic nerves in vitro, and they might be able to produce soluble NTFs for trophic support on facial motoneuron cultures. The establishment of methods for obtaining high-purity facial motoneuron cultures of rats with partially labeled fluorescence should be of significance in contribution to further investigation on facial motoneuron's response to NTFs and other affecting factors.

综上所述，本文通过面神经雪旺氏细胞体外培养条件下生物学特性、功能表型，及其对培养面神经运动神经元细胞的营养活性作用的研究，为在体外条件下研究雪旺氏细胞对面神经运动神经元的营养支持作用时，如何选择细胞来源，提供了实验依据；建立了获得较高纯度并带荧光标记的面神经运动神经元的分离和体外培养方法，为进一步研究影响面神经生长、损伤后再生修复的因素奠定了实验基础。

At present, the application styles of domestic expert systems on pomology are the pomiculture production management expert systems and the fruit tree nutrition diagnosis expert systems, the plant diseases and insect pests diagnosis expert systems. There are some computer technologies on the pomological expert systems such as artificial neural network, fuzzy neural network, multimedia technology, Web technology.

现今，国内果树专家系统的应用类型主要分为果树栽培生产专家系统和果树营养、病虫害诊断防治决策系统两类；在果树专家系统上的应用研究最多的计算机理论主要是：人工神经网络、模糊神经网络、多媒体技术、Web技术等；果树专家系统的开发手段主要是利用现成的农业专家系统平台直接进行二次开发，还有少数是直接利用程序语言进行原型系统开发。

At present, the application styles of domestic expert systems on pomology are the pomiculture production management expert systems and the fruit tree nutrition diagnosis expert systems, the plant diseases and insect pests' diagnosis expert systems. There are some computer technologies on the pomological expert systems such as artificial neural network, fuzzy neural network, multimedia technology, Web technology. The most pomological expert systems were developped on the agricutural expert systems platform, while a few systems were directly developed by the programming languages without platform.

现今，中国国内果树专家系统的应用类型主要分为果树栽培生产专家系统和果树营养、病虫害诊断防治决策系统两类；在果树专家系统上的应用研究最多的计算机理论主要是：人工神经网络、模糊神经网络、多媒体技术、Web技术等；果树专家系统的开发手段主要是利用现成的农业专家系统平台直接进行二次开发，还有少数是直接利用程序语言进行原型系统开发。

The neurotrophic and myotrophic effect of CNTF ma y play an important role in the treatment of nerve-muscle injury and retrogress ion.

CNTF的神经和肌肉双重营养性能使其可能在神经肌肉损伤和退行性病变的治疗上发挥重要作用。

Yeah, due to tying tautly, it will repress the arteria carotis and nerve, restrict blood flow normally,make the brain to suffer limitations of nutrition supplying,cause nerve damage.

是的，由于他系得太紧，会压迫颈动脉和神经，阻碍人体正常血液流通，致使大脑正常营养供给受限，引起神经受损。

The results showed that the number of BrdU-positive cells of the malnourished immature rats was significantly bigger than that of the well-nourished age-matched control rats in the dentate gyrus but not in the subventricular zone.

结果表明，营养不良幼鼠齿状回的细胞增殖和神经生发明显高于营养良好的幼鼠而脑室下层的细胞增殖数量在两者却无明显差异。

We have no common name for a mime of Sophron or Xenarchus and a Socratic Conversation; and we should still be without one even if the imitation in the two instances were in trimeters or elegiacs or some other kind of verse--though it is the way with people to tack on 'poet' to the name of a metre, and talk of elegiac-poets and epic-poets, thinking that they call them poets not by reason of the imitative nature of their work, but indiscriminately by reason of the metre they write in.

索夫农 、森那库斯和苏格拉底式的对话采用的模仿没有一个公共的名称；三音步诗、挽歌体或其他类型的诗的模仿也没有——人们把&诗人&这一名词和格律名称结合到一起，称之为挽歌体诗人或者史诗诗人，他们被称为诗人，似乎只是因为遵守格律写作，而非他们作品的模仿本质。

The relationship between communicative competence and grammar teaching should be that of the ends and the means.

交际能力和语法的关系应该是目标与途径的关系。