神经萎缩

It also is an important aspect of antiaging mechanisms of MT.

本研究结果表明，MT能够提高老年小鼠脑中神经营养因子的表达水平，这对于延缓脑细胞的衰老过程，阻止脑结构萎缩以及功能下降，保护CNS神经元可能具有重要意义，也是MT抗衰老作用的一个方面。

However, the effect of denervation on the changes of titin and nebulin is unclear.

然而，截断神经引发肌肉萎缩的效应对肌肉内titin与nebulin的影响仍不清楚。

Menopausal syndrome is owing to the decay of the ovaries fuctions, the estrogen level obviously decends, which causes the functional disorders of blood vessel , nerve and endocrine system, and which induces the functional uterine bleeding, hectic fever, diaphoresis, the atrophy of cunnus and vagina, osteoporosis and neurovegetative syndromes.

更年期综合征是妇女由于卵巢功能衰退，体内分泌的雌激素水平明显下降，引起的心血管、神经、内分泌系统功能紊乱，导致功能性子宫出血、阵发性潮热和出汗、外阴及阴道萎缩、骨质疏松等症状及出现精神和植物神经系统的症状。

In low median-ulnar nerve palsy, the complete loss of intrinsic motor muscles (interosseous, lumbrical, thenar, and hypothenar muscles) produces a claw hand deformity.

长期正中及尺神经麻痹造成手部肌肉萎缩以及手指呈现爪形手变形，这对於手部精细的动作与手部的抓握功能有相当大的影响。

This study was to evaluate the influence of masseter muscle on the craniofacial growth and development by using the botulinum neurotoxin to cause the masseter muscle atrophy.

中文摘要本研究目的是藉由将肉毒杆菌神经毒素注射入大白鼠咬肌，使咬肌萎缩，来探讨咬肌对颅颜型态及生长发育的影响。

Results Among the 102 replanted fingers in 22 cases, 89 survived fingers were excellent;13 poor or bad, which were caused by the following reasons: arthrokleisis in 8, fingers atrophy accompanied sensory loss in 3 and finger rotating deformity along with neurofibroma in 2 cases.

结果 22例102个再植手指中，89个手指功能疗效评定为优良；13个手指评定为差和劣，其中关节强直8例，手指萎缩并缺乏感觉3例，有旋转畸形伴有神经瘤形成2例。

Meanwhile, activatedNF-κB also appeared in vascular endothelial cell in brain for more than 1 year. Long-term activation of NF-κB in neuroglia cells induced atrophy of involved brain.

同时，激活的NF-κB在创伤1小时后出现于脑血管内皮细胞内，持续时间也在1年以上，神经胶质细胞内NF-κB的长期激活可引起该部位的脑萎缩。

Ultimately, vulnerable groups of neurons atrophy and die in a process that may involve excitotoxicity (overstimulation of neurotransmitter receptors on neuronal surface membranes), collapse of calcium homeostasis, inflammation, and depletion of energy and growth factors.

最终在兴奋性毒性（过度刺激神经元上的递质受体）、钙紊乱、炎症、能量和生长因子缺乏作用下，敏感的神经元发生萎缩、死亡。apoE4与Aβ和tau的异常聚集有关，还可能损伤线粒体和其他细胞骨架。Aβ、tau、apoE和synuclein与其他分子相互作用，影响多种神经活动和存活的信号转导途径。

Ultimately, vulnerable groups of neurons atrophy and die in a process that may involve excitotoxicity (overstimulation of neurotransmitter receptors on neuronal surface membranes), collapse of calcium homeostasis, inflammation, and depletion of energy and growth factors. A form of apolipoprotein E, apoE4, contributes to the abnormal accumulation of A and tau, but probably also damages mitochondria and the cellular cytoskeleton. A , tau, apoE and -synuclein interact with many other molecules and modulate diverse signalling cascades that regulate neuronal activity and survival.

最后，易感神经元会萎缩直至死亡，原因可能有兴奋性中毒（神经递质对神经元表面受体的过度刺激引起），钙稳态失衡，炎症反应，能量和生长因子的耗尽。apoE4的产生可导致A肽和tau蛋白的异常聚合，可能也损害线粒体和细胞骨架。A肽、tau蛋白、apoE和突触核蛋白可与很多分子反应，也可调节不同信号级联反应，这些级联反应对于维持神经元活动性和生存性意义重大。

Low signal was also seen in the motor cortex on T2-weighted images in three of the eight normal volunteers and four of the 16 disease controls: one with a bulbospinal muscular atrophy, two with leukoencephalopathy and one with Binswanger's disease.

在8例正常人对照者中有3例、16例其他神经疾病患者中有4例（1例脊髓延髓性肌萎缩症患者、2例表现为下肢痉挛性轻瘫的不明原因的白质脑病患者、1例表现为痴呆和下肢痉挛性轻瘫的皮质下动脉硬化性脑病患者）在T2像上于运动皮质区也可见低信号。

We have no common name for a mime of Sophron or Xenarchus and a Socratic Conversation; and we should still be without one even if the imitation in the two instances were in trimeters or elegiacs or some other kind of verse--though it is the way with people to tack on 'poet' to the name of a metre, and talk of elegiac-poets and epic-poets, thinking that they call them poets not by reason of the imitative nature of their work, but indiscriminately by reason of the metre they write in.

索夫农 、森那库斯和苏格拉底式的对话采用的模仿没有一个公共的名称；三音步诗、挽歌体或其他类型的诗的模仿也没有——人们把&诗人&这一名词和格律名称结合到一起，称之为挽歌体诗人或者史诗诗人，他们被称为诗人，似乎只是因为遵守格律写作，而非他们作品的模仿本质。

The relationship between communicative competence and grammar teaching should be that of the ends and the means.

交际能力和语法的关系应该是目标与途径的关系。