神经胶质

Objective To investigate the function of human glia maturation factor gamma to induce the proliferation and differentiation of neural stem cells into astrocytes.

目的 探索γ-神经胶质成熟因子能否促进大鼠神经干细胞增殖并分化成神经胶质细胞。

Within these two neurogenic niches, specialized astrocytes are neural stem cells, capable of self-renewing and generating neurons and glia.

在这两个神经发生的微环境中，神经干细胞可分化为特定的星形胶质细胞，能够自我更新并产生神经元和神经胶质。

A new antibody releasing system has been developed by covalently attachingIgG to the biodegradable hyaluronic acid hydrogel via the hydrolyticallyunstable hydrazone linkage, aiming to deliver the antibody of CNS regenerationinhibitors to the injured brain. Furthermore, pH sensitive linkage-hydrozone has beenformed between hydrogel and antibody.

这一将该材料植入成年缺损大鼠的大脑皮层后，该材料具有良好的神经相容性，能够抑制胶质瘢痕的形成，并能诱导神经胶质细胞的迁移进入材料，为轴突的再生提供良好的生物为环境，促进神经轴突长入将改性后的水凝胶。

Neuroectoderm; neural crest; neural plate; floor plate; neural tube; neuraxis; neurulation; neuroblasts; stem cells; differentiation; ontogeny; morphogenesis; histogenesis; organogenesis; synaptogenesis; gangliogenesis; embryogenesis; axonogenesis; retinogenesis; gliogenesis; glial progenitor cells; oligodendrocyte progenitor cells; retinal progenitor cells; nerve growth factor; neurotrophic factors; trophic factors; growth factors; neural tube defects; anencephaly; spina bifida; neuroblastoma cells; cell migration; neurogenesis; development; developmental stages

神经外胚层；神经脊；神经板；底板；神经管；轴索；神经胚形成；成神经细胞；干细胞；分化；个体发生；形态发生；组织发生；器官发生；突触发生；gangliogenesis；胚胎发生；axonogenesis；retinogenesis；gliogenesis；神经胶质祖细胞；少突神经胶质细胞祖细胞；视网膜祖细胞；神经生长因子；神经营养因子；营养因子；生长因素；神经管故障；无脑；脊柱裂；成神经细胞瘤细胞；细胞迁移；神经发生；发展；发展进程首页上一页下一页末页共有 22 条记录，本页从第 11 到第 20 条。

Schwannoma; glial cells; glia; gliogenesis; glioma; peripheral nervous system; PNS; myelin sheath; saltatory impulse conduction; nodes of Ranvier; spinal cord

神经鞘瘤；胶质细胞；神经胶质；gliogenesis；神经胶质瘤；周围神经系统；PNS；髓鞘；跳跃冲动传导；郎飞氏结；脊髓

Figure 2 Cranial nerve susceptibility in superficial siderosis of the central nervous system in relation to glial length. Relative length of the glial and peripheral segments of each cranial nerve. Open bar, peripheral nerve; closed bar, glial component. Adapted from Tarlov 1937

图2。 中枢神经系统表面含铁血黄素沉积症中颅神经的易感性与神经胶质长度有关，下图显示了每条颅神经中心部分神经胶质长度与外周组成部分的相对比例。

Results (1) In the controls and the dilated intestine segment of the HD,CAD-positive ganglionic cells were observed in myenteric and submucosal plexus.

结果 （1）在正常对照组与HD扩张段组肠壁肌间和黏膜下层可见CAD只对神经丛中神经节细胞阳性表达，对神经纤维与神经胶质细胞均不表达。S-100染色与CAD染色相反，神经纤维与神经胶质细胞均阳性表达，神经节细胞阴性表达，表现为阳性神经丛中细胞状&空白区&。

Neuroectoderm; neural crest; neural plate; floor plate; neural tube; neuraxis; neurulation; neuroblasts; stem cells; differentiation; ontogeny; morphogenesis; histogenesis; organogenesis; synaptogenesis; gangliogenesis; embryogenesis; axonogenesis; retinogenesis; gliogenesis; glial progenitor cells; oligodendrocyte progenitor cells; retinal progenitor cells; nerve growth factor; neurotrophic factors; trophic factors; growth factors; neural tube defects; anencephaly; spina bifida; neuroblastoma cells; cell migration; neurogenesis; development; developmental stages

神经外胚层；神经脊；神经板；底板；神经管；轴索；神经胚形成；成神经细胞；干细胞；分化；个体发生；形态发生；组织发生；器官发生；突触发生；gangliogenesis；胚胎发生；axonogenesis；retinogenesis；gliogenesis；神经胶质祖细胞；少突神经胶质细胞祖细胞；视网膜祖细胞；神经生长因子；神经营养因子；营养因子；生长因素；神经管故障；无脑；脊柱裂；成神经细胞瘤细胞；细胞迁移；神经发生；发展；发展进程下一页末页共有 23 条记录，本页从第 1 到第 10 条。

It has been proved by previous studies that peripheral nerve injury can induce a series of changes of expression of some neural active material and their receptors either in the somata or in the terminals of the damaged primary afferent neurons and motoneurons. These changes may reflect a re-ordering of metabolic priorities so that the synthesis of trophic factors or growth-associated proteins augmented while that of neurotransmitter-related proteins decreased.

以往的研究表明，周围神经损伤能够引起受损神经元(包括初级传入神经元和运动神经元)的胞体或终末内某些神经活性物质及其受体的表达发生一系列变化，其中与神经生长和营养有关的物质常发生上调，而与神经传递有关的物质则发生下调；与此同时，受损神经元的周围常伴随发生胶质反应及神经胶质增生等变化。

TCM may modulate the glial cells through the following mechanisms: inhibiting expression of iNOS, thereby minishing the toxicity of NO and its oxygen free radicals; inhibiting overactivation of astrocytes and overexpression of GFAP in acute cerebral ischemia and cerebral hemorrhage; promoting glial cells' secretion of NGF which can be caused by ischemic injury; inhibiting the nervous system's immune inflammatory response; and so on.

中药调节神经胶质细胞活性的机制可能包括：（1）抑制iNOS表达，从而抑制NO及其产生的氧自由基的毒性；（2 抑制脑缺血和脑出血急性期星形胶质细胞的过度活化和GFAP的过度表达；(3)上调缺血损伤导致的神经胶质细胞分泌NGF；(4)抑制神经系统的免疫炎症反应等各种途径。

Breath, muscle contraction of the buttocks; arch body, as far as possible to hold his head, right leg straight towards the ceiling (peg-leg knee in order to avoid muscle tension).

呼气，收缩臀部肌肉；拱起身体，尽量抬起头来，右腿伸直朝向天花板（膝微屈，以避免肌肉紧张）。

The cost of moving grain food products was unchanged from May, but year over year are up 8%.

粮食产品的运输费用与5月份相比没有变化，但却比去年同期高8％。