神经组织

Approximation and projection theory in non-Euclidean and non-linear space; The framework of learning theory, learning algorithm and design strategies based on global architecture approximation.

也就是从整体结构理论上，把人工神经网络的信息处理看作为神经场的组织变换和反应变换两个过程的复合。

It was found greater expression of NRP2-1 and NRP2-2 in pituitary, ovary, uterus and oviduct of ruttish Erhualian than corresponding tissues of ruttish Duroc, which suggested enhancing expression of NRP2 was favorable to increasing litter size. But the difference of NRP2 expression was not significant between two breeds, which suggested the key phase that NRP2 affected litter size was not oestrum probably, or NRP2 could enlarge cell signals and finally affect litter size ascribe that it was the receptor of nerve axon guidance factors.

NRP2-1和NRP2-2在发情期二花脸卵巢、子宫、输卵管中的表达量均大于杜洛克相应组织的表达量，推测NRP2表达水平高可能有利于提高产仔数，但两品种间表达差异不明显，推测NRP2影响产仔数的关键阶段可能不是猪的发情期；另外，NRP2 是神经轴突介导因子的受体，这些神经轴突转导的信号往往有级联放大的功能，虽然NRP2-1和NRP2-2在二花脸和杜洛克卵巢、子宫、输卵管中的表达差异不大，但二花脸有可能通过神经系统转导信号的级联放大最终引起一些效应激素或蛋白的急剧增加，从而提高排卵率或产仔数。

The phenomenon of neuroendocrine differentiation exists in partial cases with thyroid papillary carcinoma, and the tissues of thyroid papillary carcinoma with neuroendocrine differentiation have poor differentiation and large tumor size.

部分甲状腺乳头状癌存在神经内分泌分化现象，伴神经内分泌分化的肿瘤组织分化较差？体积较大？

Recently, it is proved that SP is also involved in pain modulation, acupuncture analgesia and immunoin- hibition. However, the role of CGRP in them is unclear Therefore, the dy- namic changes of CGRP-, SP-like immunoreactivity and expression ofα- CGRP,β-CGRP mRNAs in dorsal root ganglion and spinal cord in the arthritic rats were observed by using immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization techniques combined with behavioral tests, respectively. Subsequently, the effects of this peoptide on the develoment of polyarthritis were investigated by intrthecal injections of CGRP and its antagonist in the rats. In addtion, GAL is a novel neuropeptide which coexists with CGRP and SP, but it may play a different role in the primary sensory system. Thus, we also observed the changes of GAL and GAL mRNA in DRG neurons and the spinal cord. The results were as follows

为此本文拟在大鼠佐剂性关节炎模型上，结合行为学测定、用免疫组织化学、原位核酸分子杂交技术观察脊髓背角及DRG中CGRP、SP、α-CGRP mRNA、β-CGRPmRNA的动态变化及电针的影响，此外，用鞘内和外周注射CGRP的工具药探讨了CGRP在佐剂性关节炎发生发展中的可能作用；甘丙肽（Galanin，GAL）也是新近发现的一个神经肽，并与CGRP和SP共存于DRG及初级传入末梢中，在神经损伤模型中脊髓CGRP、SP减少，GAL则明显增加，显示GAL与CGRP和SP的作用可能不同，因此在佐剂性关节炎模型上也同时观察了GAL和GAL mRNA的变化，实验结果如下

Results:(1)Among 40 rats, 36 rats were successfully established and the rate of success is 90 percent;(2)All the successfully established models demonstrated polydipsia, polyuria and the body weight was not increased. 6 rats suffered cataract after 3 months, and 4 rats died in 6 months;(3)There was an approximately 61% loss of retinal ganglion cells in the central retina and the thickness of retina thinner under microscope ( P 0.01 ).(4) Electroscope changes include the thinner of retina, disorganization of the membranous disc of the rod cells and the thickness of basal membrane of vessal.(5)In normal group, 1 month dibetes mellitus and 1 month treatmen group, there was no expression of ERK1/ERK2 on the retina tissues. In 3 month diabetes mellitus group, the expression of ERK1/ERK2 was positive.

结果：①40只建模大鼠中36只建模成功，建模成功率为90%；②建模成功的大鼠都表现出多饮、多尿、消瘦、体重不增的表现，有6只大鼠在3个月后出现白内障，有4只大鼠在喂养接近至6个月时死亡；③HE染色光镜下6个月大鼠后极部视网膜节细胞层细胞数明显减少，减少约61%(P.01)，后极部视网膜明显变薄(P.01)；④电镜观察，视网膜变薄，视杆细胞膜盘紊乱，血管基底膜增厚等表现；⑤正常组、糖尿病组和治疗组1个月大鼠视网膜中未见ERK1/ERK2的表达，糖尿病组视网膜组织中3个月时可见少量表达，ERK1/ERK2表达部位为神经节细胞层和内核层；6个月时表达强阳性，部位表达不仅见于内核层、神经节细胞层，色素上皮层也见表达。

This network is capable of clustering the QRS waves in the automatic analysis of ECG signals.

介绍一个由小波变换和神经网络结合的自组织联想神经网络模型，它可用在心电信号的自动分析中对QRS波进行聚类。

HRP retrograde tracing ; abducens nucleus ; vestibular nucleus ;γ-amino-butyric acid; immunohistochemical staining ; rats

HRP逆行标记；展神经核；前庭神经核；γ-氨基丁酸；免疫组织化学；大鼠

The double labelling technique by combination of horseradish peroxidaseretrograde tracing with immunohistochemical staining for γ-amino-butyric acidwas used to observe the distribution of GABA-positive neurons in the abducens and vestibular nucleus,and its projection to oculomotor nucleus of rats.

用辣根过氧化物酶(horseradish peroxidase，HRP)逆行标记结合γ-氨基丁酸(γ-amino-butyric acid，GABA)的免疫组织化学双标技术观察大鼠的展神经核和前庭神经核内GABA阳性神经元的分布，以及其向动眼神经核的投射。

Methods A total of75adult corpses were dissected and the celiac ganglia and aorticorenal ganglia were identified and scanned with CT and MRI for their location.

对75具成年尸体标本的腹腔神经节、主动脉肾节进行解剖，通过组织学鉴定神经节和淋巴结，通过CT、MRI扫描和断层观察其位置。

Using cadaver dissection to study the position of the auriculotemporal nerve and the masseteric nerve in relation to the temporo -mandibular joint.

利用人体标本解剖，观察耳颞神经和嚼肌神经与颞下颌关节之间的位置关系，以及它们在关节区的分支；通过免疫组织化学技术，观察神经纤维在颞下颌关节区的分布。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。