神经系统的

The species of extracellular ATP can participate the effect of nerve system not only as the neurotransmitter and modulator but also has a trophic action to glial cell and neuron. It participates in many courses, e.g. cell differentiation and apoptosis, the morphologic change of chondriosome, to stimulate the synthesis and release of cytokine and nerve growth factor. It has a great influence to neurological growth and plasticity.

细胞外ATP类物质不仅可以作为神经递质及调质参与神经系统的功能，还可对胶质细胞及神经元产生营养作用，广泛参与细胞分化及凋亡、细胞线粒体形态变化、刺激细胞因子及神经生长因子的合成及释放等过程，对神经系统的发育及可塑性变化产生重要的影响。

The course will start with an overview of the central and peripheral nervous systems, the development of their structure and major divisions. The major functional components of the CNS will then be reviewed individually. Topography, functional distribution of nerve cell bodies, ascending and descending tracts in the spinal cord. Brainstem organization and functional components, including cranial nerve nuclei, ascending / descending pathways, amine-containing cells, structure and information flow in the cerebellar and vestibular systems. Distribution of the cranial nerves, resolution of their skeletal and branchial arch components. Functional divisions of the Diencephalon and Telencephalon. The course will then continue with how these various CNS pieces and parts work together.

这门课将会从中枢和周边神经系统构造的发展和主要的分化点来概述，中枢神经系统的主要功能将会在复习中个别地说明：神经细胞体的断层以及功能性的分布、脊髓内上升和下降神经束的特征学和功能分布；脑干组织和功能要素，包括脑神经核、上升和下降神经束走向、含胺基酸脑激素细胞的分布、小脑和内耳前庭系统的构造和资讯传导流；颅神经的分布、骨弓和腮弓的演化；间脑和终脑的功能与分类；这门课将会探讨这些不同的中枢神经系统如何一起作用。

RESULTSdiabetic rats showed typical symptoms involving elevated serum glucose and weight loss (2)The rats in DM+VaD group reacted slower and made more error numbers in Y-maze than the rats in VaD group did, with a prolonged total reacting time in a whole day.(3)More neurons with serious damages, such as edema, ischemia or pyknosis could be found in DM+VaD group than in VaD group. More disarrangement of cone neurons, obvious glia proliferation, and more neuron apoptosis were found in CA area of hippocampus. CONCLUSIONS (1)2-VO in STZ-induced diabetic rats succeeded in establishing VaD animal models.(2) The cognitive dysfunction induced by VaD rats had been deteriorated by diabetes mellitus.(3)Morphology evidences proved that diabetes mellitus aggravated brain damages induced by VaD.PART II Effect of diabetes mellitus on the cholinergic nervous systemin CA1 area of hippocampus of VaDOBJECTIVE To estimate the role of cholinergic nervous system in hippocampus during the process of cognitive dysfunction aggravated by diabetes mellitus in DM+VaD group. METHODS Observe the changes of ChAT protein by immunohistochemistry stain. Chose three rats randomly from each group at each pointat two week, four week, and eight week, then sepa

经腹腔注射链脲佐菌素诱导慢性实验性糖尿病，1周后永久性结扎双侧颈总动脉(2-VO)制作VaD模型记录术后2周、4周和8周各组大鼠的体重及血糖；应用Y-迷宫检测空间定向学第二军医大学博士论文中…丈摘…要1ia；一色恤~﹁染澎糕行HE染色观察组织病理学孪叱；胶质细胞原纤维酸性蛋白protellZ，Cf冰尸标记观察星形胶质细舱的激活情况、橄声软公点娜育票票众糯黑橄居端粗默孺篇筑价井袱第二部分糖尿病对血管性痴呆大鼠海马c心区胆碱能神经系统的影响探讨海马CAI区胆碱能神经系统在糖尿病加重确D一大鼠认知障碍中所实验动物及分组同第一部分，应用免疫组织化学染色方法现察海马CAI{介狱牛第晕军l袭拔常博粗{论义

The first pathogenetic gene identified is α-synuclein, but its phathological mechanism is unknown. In previous study, it's demonstrated that all synuclein isoforms expressed massively in early embryologic development of the central nervous system.

先前有研究指出所有的synuclein异构型在胚胎发育早期即在中枢神经系统被大量表现，显示这一类基因对中枢神经系统的发育可能是很重要的，但是研究synuclein在胚胎早期发育方面的相关研究则较少。

Our results are similar to those of central nervous system. These indicate that ENS has an important role in keeping the internal environment.

我们的结果与中枢神经系统的研究结果相似，表明肠神经系统在维持内环境方面具有重要的作用。

The results showed that IFN-γ immunoreactive structures widely distributed in CA1,CA2,CA3 and indusium griseum,which indicates IFN-γ have definite influence on physiological function of hippocampus.

IFN-γ与神经系统的关系目前已逐渐引起人们的重视，已有研究表明，在大鼠神经系统的脊神经节、交感神经节、下丘脑乳头体核和中脑背侧被盖内有IFN-γ分布1

Paradise fish has regular and ritual process of agonistic interaction which can be separated into three phases, namely, initial phase, threatening phase, and fighting phase. In initial phase, two fish encounter and swim close to each other. In threatening phase, two fish display shaking, head-tail swimming to threat their opponent.

目前已知敌对行为牵涉到中枢神经系统的调控，尤以中枢神经系统中的血清张力素神经元被许多研究学者指出是与敌对行为调控相关，但尚未确定血清张力素神经元在动物进行敌对行为过程中是如何的参与其中调控。

The numerical results of these two neural systems not only explained the relation between electric spike and movement of muscle but also revealed rhythm activity and experiment phenomena of lobster stomatogastric neural system in theoretical model.

两个神经系统的数值结果，不仅解释了龙虾胃肠神经系统中神经元电位发放与肌肉运动的关系，而且理论再现了龙虾胃肠神经系统的节律变化和实验结果。

With help of WLC model of inhibition nervous system and lobster neural structure of Mulloney's, neuron electric spike of lobster stomatogastric neural system was numerically analyzed and the changing activity of gastric network and pyloric network were obtained.

利用抑制神经系统的WinnerLess Competition模型，通过数值方法分析Mulloney 型龙虾胃肠神经系统神经元的电位发放，得到胃研磨囊和幽门神经系统中各个神经元的电位发放和系统的节律变化。

The results indicated that nov gene may play an import ant role in producing and secreting of neurotransmitter in the central nervous system.

以上结果提示，nov基因在中枢神经系统神经递质的生成释放和代谢中起作用，可能籍此调节神经系统的功能。

Neither the killing of Mr Zarqawi nor any breakthrough on the political front will stop the insurgency and the fratricidal murders in their tracks.

在对危险的南部地区访问时，他斥责什叶派民兵领导人对中央集权的挑衅行为。

In fact,I've got him on the satellite mobile right now.

实际上 我们已接通卫星可视电话了