神经系统

Neurosciences on the Net is a searchable and browsable index of online neuroscience resources addressing neurobiology, neurology, neurosurgery, psychiatry, psychology, cognitive science sites and information on human neurological diseases.

神经系统科学线上：是一个可供搜索和流览的索引，它涉及到神经生物学、神经学、神经外科、精神病学、心理学以及认知科学等神经系统科学的网路资源，以及人类神经系统疾病的资讯。

The course will start with an overview of the central and peripheral nervous systems, the development of their structure and major divisions. The major functional components of the CNS will then be reviewed individually. Topography, functional distribution of nerve cell bodies, ascending and descending tracts in the spinal cord. Brainstem organization and functional components, including cranial nerve nuclei, ascending / descending pathways, amine-containing cells, structure and information flow in the cerebellar and vestibular systems. Distribution of the cranial nerves, resolution of their skeletal and branchial arch components. Functional divisions of the Diencephalon and Telencephalon. The course will then continue with how these various CNS pieces and parts work together.

这门课将会从中枢和周边神经系统构造的发展和主要的分化点来概述，中枢神经系统的主要功能将会在复习中个别地说明：神经细胞体的断层以及功能性的分布、脊髓内上升和下降神经束的特征学和功能分布；脑干组织和功能要素，包括脑神经核、上升和下降神经束走向、含胺基酸脑激素细胞的分布、小脑和内耳前庭系统的构造和资讯传导流；颅神经的分布、骨弓和腮弓的演化；间脑和终脑的功能与分类；这门课将会探讨这些不同的中枢神经系统如何一起作用。

Acute intermittent porphyria is an autosomal dominant disorder of haeme biosynthesis that can affect the autonomic, peripheral, and central nervous system.

急性间歇性卟啉病是一种血红素生物合成障碍的常染色体显性遗传病，可以累及自主神经系统、周围神经系统、中枢神经系统。

Although there have been numerous studies on sexually dimorphic areas in the CNS, they are quite limited in the periphery, especially the pelvic autonomic system (Section II.E).

虽然在中枢神经系统已经发现了一些差异，但是在外周神经系统这个差异太有限，尤其是盆腔自主神经系统(Section II.E)。

When MR imaging shows thickening and enhancement of the pituitary stalk and associated leptomeningeal disease as in this case, sarcoidosis is a very strong possibility, along with meningitis, particularly fungal.

结节病为一种不明原因的炎性病变，可以影像多个系统，包括中枢神经系统，女性多见，大于10：1，黑人比白人更多见，15%病人累及中枢神经系统，5%有神经症状，脑神经功能障碍和尿崩症是最常见的神经系统结节病的临床表现，MR改变包括脑膜增厚及强化，孤立性肿块或多发性小，散在的脑膜或实质病变，此例病例中MR图像出现增厚强化的垂体蒂伴有软脑膜病变，强烈提示结节病，伴随脑膜炎尤其是真菌性，通常T2表现为低信号，虽然这些也能够在霉菌病/淋巴瘤/脑膜瘤中看到。

The results were compared among 4 groups. Results:①OCB positive rate was 37% in MS patients, which was lower than other reports, 24% in central nervous system infectious diseases group,5% in central nervous system non-infectious diseases group and 0 in peripheral nervous system diseases group,respectively.②OCB positive rate in conventional MS was 56%, which was higher than that in neuromyelitis optica.

结果①多发性硬化组OCB阳性率为37%，中枢神经系统感染组为24%，中枢神经系统非感染性疾病组为5%，外周神经系统疾病组为0；多发性硬化组的OCB阳性率比其他各组高，但低于国外报道的阳性率；②多发性硬化患者中传统型多发性硬化组OCB阳性率为56%，高于视神经脊髓炎组的11%。

Nerve grows factor and brain-derived neurotropic factor, as one of the important active molecules, belong to neurotrophic family, which can affect the development of neuron and prevent neuron from damage.

神经生长因子（Nerve grows factor，NGF）和脑源性神经生长因子(Brain-derived neurotropic factor，BDNF)属于神经营养素家族，是神经系统重要的活性分子之一，是中枢神经系统胆碱能神经元、周围神经系统交感神经元及感觉神经元发育、分化、功能活动必不可少的营养分子。

The numerical results of these two neural systems not only explained the relation between electric spike and movement of muscle but also revealed rhythm activity and experiment phenomena of lobster stomatogastric neural system in theoretical model.

两个神经系统的数值结果，不仅解释了龙虾胃肠神经系统中神经元电位发放与肌肉运动的关系，而且理论再现了龙虾胃肠神经系统的节律变化和实验结果。

With help of WLC model of inhibition nervous system and lobster neural structure of Mulloney's, neuron electric spike of lobster stomatogastric neural system was numerically analyzed and the changing activity of gastric network and pyloric network were obtained.

利用抑制神经系统的WinnerLess Competition模型，通过数值方法分析Mulloney 型龙虾胃肠神经系统神经元的电位发放，得到胃研磨囊和幽门神经系统中各个神经元的电位发放和系统的节律变化。

Based on the return map and the principle of closed vectors, a new method is proposed to extract unstable periodic orbits embedded in chaotic attractors. As examples, the UPOs embedded in chaotic attractors of Logistic, Hénon and Lorenz are extracted respectively by this method. And our results of Skewed Hénon map also be compared with Nusse's. These results suggest that this method is valid for unstable periodic orbits from period one to period infinite of arbitrary dimension chaotic system. The dynamic considerations of spiking and UPO coding for individual neuron and neural system under external periodic and chaotic exciting stimulus also be studied in this dissertation. A lot of spiking phenomena, such as synchronization, period, and chaos appear alternatively with the changing of the stimulus frequency. For the small stimulus frequency the neuron could completely convey the periodic signal in synchronous anti-phase into interspike intervals sequences. For the slow time–scale chaotic input, the output two ISI sequences are reciprocally related to input signals, and their oscillation wave shape in time course can be derived from that of the input signals variation, furthermore, the similar input sequence and order of UPOs, distribution of LES and value of KYD remain in attractors reconstructed from ISI sequences.

发现周期信号在单个神经元传递过程中，随着激励频率的改变，神经元输出的峰峰间期interspike interval时间序列呈现出周期、混沌和准周期的交错变化，特别当外加激励信号频率较低时，周期信号可以通过神经元ISI序列以反相同步的周期运动形式传递下去；同时无论是周期还是混沌激励信号，在神经系统中的传递均与其自身强度和神经元之间的耦合强度的大小密切相关；快变时间尺度的混沌激励信号在耦合的神经系统传递过程中，会造成大量基本信息的丢失；而慢变时间尺度的混沌激励信号在神经系统传递中，它的非线性特征信息，如混沌吸引子、不稳定周期轨道、Lyapunov指数谱和分形维数，会通过系统输出的ISI序列部分地重现出来，如与输入慢变时间尺度的混沌激励信号相比，神经系统输出的ISI序列具有：相似几何形状的混沌吸引子、相近的Lyapunov指数谱和分形维数、局部结构相同的不稳定周期轨道的排列方式。

Neither the killing of Mr Zarqawi nor any breakthrough on the political front will stop the insurgency and the fratricidal murders in their tracks.

在对危险的南部地区访问时，他斥责什叶派民兵领导人对中央集权的挑衅行为。

In fact,I've got him on the satellite mobile right now.

实际上 我们已接通卫星可视电话了