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Large numbers of experiments internal and external had confirmed both direct current and square pulse of distal end cathodal could improve peripheral nerve regeneration, because it could speed up transmigration, creeper, growth and development of cell Schwann, derivate growth of nerve fiber; it also increased blood capillary of epineurium, brood blood vessel, amendment ischemic of impaired nerve, it still could accelerate Wallerian

国内外大量的基础实验及临床研究都证实远端负极电流的直流电场及脉冲电场等均有促进周围神经再生的作用,认为其可加速Schwann细胞的游走、爬行及生长发育,诱导神经纤维的生长;电刺激还能促使神经外膜毛细血管数量增多,扩张血管,改善神经损伤段缺血状态,并加速Wallerian变性及崩解组织的清除,为Schwann细胞发育和髓鞘化过程提供充足的能量与物质,同时为神经轴突的再生提供良好的内环境;在神经断端出现瘢痕或神经瘤时,电刺激可增加神经纤维穿越瘢痕的能力。

Among the involving factors, neurotrophic factors in the microenvironment adjoining to perikaryon and neurites play crucial roles in maintaining survival, promoting orientional regrowth of axons and re-expression of functional phenotype of neurons.

近年来大量神经生物学研究表明:在影响损伤后神经修复或再生的诸多因素中,神经元胞体及轴突周围微环境产生的一些神经营养因子发挥着维持受损神经元生存、促进神经再生、恢复神经功能表型等重要作用。

NMDA(N-methyl-D-aspartate) receptors are a subtype of excitatory transmitters-glutamate receptor which belong to a heteromeric ligand-gated ionotropic receptors and play an important role in many complex physiological and pathological processes, such as nerve development, neuronal excitatory synaptic transmission, synaptic plasticity, central sensitization and neuronal death.

NMDA(N-methyl-D-aspartate)受体是兴奋性神经递质谷氨酸受体的一种亚型,是一种异聚体配体门控型离子通道,参与体内神经发育、神经元的兴奋性突触传递、突触可塑性、中枢敏化、神经元死亡等多种不同的生理和病理过程。

We introduced improved primary mixed glial culture and different-attachment method to isolate and purify the OPCs, the cells were proliferated in serum-free medium, flow cytometry and immunohischemistry methods were employed to estimate the purity of cultured OPCs. Their abilities of differentiation and expression of trophic factors were identified by RT-PCR and immunostaining. Several methods including TUNEL and MTT were adopted to estimate the protective effects of conditioned culture medium from oligodendrocyte lineage cells on the primary cultured cerebellar granule neurons. Intravitreal transplant of OPCs, combined with retrograde fluorescent labeling the superior colliculus and intraorbital optic nerve transection, were used to investigate the protective effects of OPCs on the axotomized RGCs in vivo. Intravitreal transplantof OPCs or NSCs on the newborn rats, and retinal transplant of OPCs on the young rats were performed, to observe the myelin formation in the retina at different stages after cellular transplantation. Optic nerve transection was carried out on some rats with myelinated retinae, to study the influence of myelination on the injuried RGCs.

为此,本研究采用改良的胶质细胞混合培养与差速贴壁方法获得大鼠OPCs,使用无血清培养基进行扩增、培养,用免疫组织化学和流式细胞技术对培养细胞的纯度进行鉴定,对少突胶质系细胞表达部分营养因子的情况进行检测;采用TUNEL、MTT等方法对少突胶质系细胞条件培养基对原代培养小脑颗粒神经元的保护作用进行检测;将OPCs移植入成年SD大鼠玻璃体内,利用上丘逆行荧光标记技术,观察眼内移植的OPCs对眶内视神经切断时的视网膜神经节细胞的保护作用及其持续时间;将OPCs或NSCs移植入新生和幼年SD大鼠玻璃体或视网膜内,观察不同时期视网膜内髓鞘形成与分布特点,分析髓鞘的超微结构,并观察眼内髓鞘形成对损伤神经节细胞的保护作用。

RESULTS:①The myelography and CTM revealed that factors contributing to DLSS included not only zygapophysial joint hyperplasy, hypertrophic ligamentum flavum and intervertebral disc protrution which resulted in degenerative lumbar spinal stenosis, but also zygapophysial joint semiluxation and pedicle shift.

结果:①脊髓造影与CT脊髓造影的表现:DLSS对硬膜囊或神经根的压迫较退行性腰椎管狭窄症复杂,除与关节突肥大增生、黄韧带肥厚、椎间盘退变突出有关外,还与关节突关节半脱位、椎弓根移位压迫神经根等因素有关。

To understand the basic properties, underlying mechanisms and functions of the short-term synaptic plasticity of thalamocortical visual pathway, we combined in vivo field potential recording, focal drug application technique and neuron models, to explore the short-tem synaptic plasticity of rat major thalamocortical visual pathway (from lateral geniculate nucleus to primary visual cortex) and extrageniculate pathway (from lateral posterior nucleus to primary visual cortex), as well as the role of short-term depression in the neuronal correlated firing detection.

我们结合在位场电位记录、局部加药和神经模型等方法,对不同刺激模式下大鼠丘脑皮层主要视觉通路(外侧膝状体到初级视皮层)和非主要视觉通路(膝体外通路:丘脑侧后核到初级视皮层)的短时程突触可塑性,以及短时程抑制作用对神经元同步活动检测的作用做了研究,试图了解视觉丘脑皮层突触传递短时程可塑性的基本特性、神经机制和功能。

Results: Dynamic observation with histopathology and immunohistochemical staining showed that, after the nerve root nerve root compression, the myelinated nerve fibers decreased and there was ultrastructure changes of the nerve fibers, such as Schwann cell cytoplasm swelling and edema, Wallerian degeneration, and demyelinated degeneration of axons.

结果:通过对压迫神经根及神经根节大体观,组织病理学和免疫组织化学的光学显微镜的动态观察,可见神经根压迫后其有随神经纤维数目减少和超微结构的改变,如神经模细胞胞质肿胀和细胞水肿、华勒变性、神经轴突脱髓鞘变等。

We show gain of function of excitatory neurotransmission due to increased action-potential-evoked Ca(2+) influx and increased probability of glutamate release at pyramidal cell synapses but unaltered inhibitory neurotransmission at fast-spiking interneuron synapses.

我们发现兴奋性神经传递的功能增益来自于诱发Ca(2+)内流动作电位的增加,并可能与谷氨酸盐在椎体细胞突触中的释放增加有关,但与快速成峰中间神经元突触的抑制性神经传递无关。

Exercise increases synaptic plasticity by directly affecting synaptic structure and potentiating synaptic strength, and by strengthening the underlying systems that support plasticity including neurogenesis, metabolism and vascular function.

锻炼能增加突触的可塑性,主要通过直接影响突触的结构、增强神经键强度、加强支持可塑性的背景(包括神经发生、代谢和脉管功能)。

The secondary injury following graded ONIs is reflected by time course, survival ratio and loss ratio of RGCs and axons. The regeneration is observed by TEM and explored by immunohistochemical detection of growth-associated protein-43 (GAP-43) by TEM and modified Glees silver impregnation on which the regeneration index is based to evaluate the regenerating ability following graded ONI.

利用视网膜节细胞和轴突计数的方法以及节细胞和轴突的存活率和丢失率观察不同程度视神经损伤后的继发损伤反应,利用透射电镜和GAP-43免疫电镜技术以及神经特殊染色技术观察损伤后的再生反应,并基于银染技术用再生指数衡量不同程度视神经损伤后神经再生能力。

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The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

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