神经突

Summary of Background Data. The X Stop Interspinous Process Distraction Deice is a relatiely new interspinous implant designed for patients with symptomatic spinal stenosis particularly neurogenic claudication.

背景资料概述：对于存在腰椎管狭窄症并有神经源性跛行表现的患者而言，X STOP是一种相对较新的棘突间植入装置。

Thicknesses of intertransverse ligament were measured, and the distribution of anterior branches from lumber nerve and vessel were observed.

20具经防腐固定的成人尸体标本，观测横突间韧带厚度、前后方血管和腰神经前支走行。

Besides, TLIF need to resect the articular process unilaterally, and it will lead to decrease the stability postoperatively. Intertransverse lumbar interbody fusion is performed through the intertransversse area, with no bony structure destroyed and veterbral canal offend.

而TLIF通过切除一侧关节突后，斜向通过椎管侧方进行椎体间融合，降低了神经根、马尾及硬膜损伤的可能性，并可减少术后腰椎不稳、滑脱等并发症的发生，临床应用广泛。

Background: Congenital kyphosis and acquired kyphoscoliotic deformities are uncommon but are potentially serious because of the risk of progressie deformity and possible paraplegia with growth.

通过肋横突切除同时进行前后路是一有挑战性、但又是安全、多能和有效的治疗胸椎复杂后凸畸形的入路，它减少了发生神经损伤的危险。

Currents carried by sodium and potassium ions through the membrane of the giant axon of Loligo.

鱿鱼神经轴突的钠离子与钾离子电流〉，《生理科学期刊》， 116期(1952)， 449-472页， Hodgkin，与 Huxley。

Neural stem cells are operationally defined as mitotically competent, self-renewing, and multipotent cells able to differentiate along three main cell lineages in the early neurogenesis (i.e., neurons, astrocytes, and oligodendrocytes).

神经干细胞(neural stem cells，NSCs)广泛存在于胚胎脑组织中，也存在于成年哺乳动物的神经系统。NSCs具有自我更新能力，能够定向分化为神经元、星形胶质细胞和少突胶质细胞。

The stage of neuron development during which many axons become myelinated by glial cells .

神经胶质细胞造成轴突髓鞘化这段期间的神经元发展阶段。

Results: ApoD was observed positively expressed in type2 astrocytes and oligodendrocytes from O2A lineage, while it was not expressed in type1 astrocytes from T1A lineage. Accordingly, we can verify the phenomenon found in the study of T1A and T2A gene different expression profile that ApoD mRNA was highly expressed in T2A and lowly expressed in T1A. Conclusion: It can be concluded that lipid metabolism related genes such as ApoD play important roles in the generation and differentiation of O2A lineage, which closely correlate with internal mechanism of lipid metabolism in the brain and myelogenesis.［Key words］astrocyte(T1A, T2A); oligodendrocyte; O2A lineage; apolipoproteinApoD

我们已采用基因芯片技术在mRNA水平研究两型星形胶质细胞的基因表达谱差异，发现ApoD在2型星形胶质细胞中差异高表达，故本文拟用激光共聚焦双重免疫荧光标记技术进一步在蛋白质水平观察ApoD在体外分化成熟的两型星形胶质细胞以及少突胶质细胞中的表达情况，以期为我们深入研究ApoD等脂代谢相关基因在脑内脂质代谢和神经髓鞘发育机制中所起的作用提供有用的实验依据，依此探讨胶质细胞发生和分化的信号机制。

In recent years, ENK-IR neurons in myenteric plexus have been discovered. ENK is one of the important neurotransmitters in ENS. It can reduce the amplitude of cholinergic fEPSP and the release of Ach so as to inhibit contraction of smooth muscles.

近年发现在肠肌间丛神经元中有ENK-IR神经元，脑啡肽是肠神经系统中重要的神经递质之一，可降低胆碱能快速兴奋性突触后电位的幅度，减少乙酰胆碱的释放，抑制平滑肌的收缩。

Neurotrophic factors is a kind of chemistry which can increase the survival rate of neurone and the growth of nerval spines, it is important in neurone development, neurite growth, transmitter synthesis and cell languish.

神经营养因子又具有促进听觉神经系统发育并维持其正常功能的作用，其作用贯穿于从听板形成直至Corti器毛细胞与传入、传出神经末梢纤维之间建立突触关系的全过程。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。