神经突

Conclusion］FSC with pedicle omentum transplanted after SCI enhance axon regeneration in the white matter,and can promote the recovery of neurological function.

结论］大鼠胚胎脊髓和大网膜移植后能增强损伤脊髓轴突再生并能促进大鼠后肢神经功能的恢复。

Complete resolution of detrusor overactivity was observed in 44% of BTX-A patients at 4 weeks, though this dropped to 25% by 24 weeks.

重链结构BTX对运动神经末梢突触前膜的结合及内化有关；轻链结构与BTX抑制神经递质的释放有关。

Ultimately, vulnerable groups of neurons atrophy and die in a process that may involve excitotoxicity (overstimulation of neurotransmitter receptors on neuronal surface membranes), collapse of calcium homeostasis, inflammation, and depletion of energy and growth factors. A form of apolipoprotein E, apoE4, contributes to the abnormal accumulation of A and tau, but probably also damages mitochondria and the cellular cytoskeleton. A , tau, apoE and -synuclein interact with many other molecules and modulate diverse signalling cascades that regulate neuronal activity and survival.

最后，易感神经元会萎缩直至死亡，原因可能有兴奋性中毒（神经递质对神经元表面受体的过度刺激引起），钙稳态失衡，炎症反应，能量和生长因子的耗尽。apoE4的产生可导致A肽和tau蛋白的异常聚合，可能也损害线粒体和细胞骨架。A肽、tau蛋白、apoE和突触核蛋白可与很多分子反应，也可调节不同信号级联反应，这些级联反应对于维持神经元活动性和生存性意义重大。

RESULTS: Optical microscope showed that synaptophysin P38 positive cells were brown dot or granule and densely distributed in neuropil, and some around perikaryon.

结果：光学显微镜下突触素P38阳性细胞染色呈棕黄色点状或颗粒状沉积，分布较密集，主要分布在神经毡内，部分围绕在神经元胞体周围。

The results showed that in light adaptation, zinc was preponderantly present in the outer plexiform layer.

结果发现：明适应条件下，外网层、部分光感受器、双极细胞、无长突细胞以及神经节细胞胞体锌离子着色明显。

This enzyme catabolizes norepinephrine and serotonin in their respective presynaptic neurons, and such inhibition could be expected to increase the availability of neurotransmitters.

此酶分解代谢去甲肾上腺素和 5-羟色胺在他们各自的突触前神经元。这样的抑制作用可能预期增加神经递质的利用率。

Indeed, upregulation of KHC in the presynaptic neurons alone is sufficient for the induction of LTF.

事实上，单独的突触前神经KHC上调就足以诱导LTF。

In contrast, injecting a lentiviral vector expressing BDNF rostral into the injured area generated a neurotrophin gradient and promoted directional growth of axons for up to 9 mm.

相反，在注射区吻侧注射表达BDNF的慢病毒产生了神经营养因子梯度，并且促进了方向性轴突生长达9 mm 。

The results showed that SYP was widely expressed by DNES cells and some intercellular SYP immunoreactive products were also observed. These were the morphological proofs for sacculus rotundus to be a neuroendocrine organ.

结果显示圆小囊组织中大量分布着SYP阳性表达细胞和胞间阳性突触小泡样结构，这一结果为证明圆小囊作为外周神经免疫内分泌器官提供了形态学证据。

In the present study,we intend to establish a new model of traumatic brain-steminjury,and to study the pathological changes of neuron,axon,astrocyte,plasmaproteins,blood vessel endothelia,synapse,neurotransmitter and cytokines in rat'sand human injured brain-stem,using routing histochemistry,immunohistochemistry,in situ hybridization,LSCM and computerized image analysis.

综合现有文献，本研究拟建立新的脑干损伤动物模型，并采用常规病理组化、免疫组化、原位杂交、LSCM以及计算机图像分析等技术，对动物及人体脑干组织中的神经元、星形胶质细胞、血浆蛋白及血管内皮细胞，以及轴索、突触、神经递质及细胞因子等进行研究，并对脑干损伤的致死性病变进行初步定位，以确立对脑干损伤的鉴定和推断脑干损伤时间有意义的客观指标。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。