神经突

The sutureless techniques with fibrin glue or laser welding seems to be only an adjunction in nerve repair because the connection quality between nerve stumps is unreliable.

鉴于运动轴突对肌皮瓣再神经化的意义，区分感觉和运动神经束的选择性神经缝合，在游离神经血管肌肉移植术中取得了较好的效果。

The results show that firstly, ApoE and LDL receptors can be transported bidirectionally (i.e. retro-and anterogr-adely) in the axoplasm along axons. Secondly, ApoE derived from regenerating fillers can be transported re t rogradely to the cell bodies.

本文用免疫细胞化学法研究正常和再生的大白鼠外周神经中脱辅基脂蛋白E和低密度脂蛋白受体的运输特性，发现在正常的外周神经中，ApoE及LDL受体在轴浆中均可沿轴突正行和逆行运输；再生的神经可产生ApoE，ApoE可逆行向细胞体转运。

14Th week after injury, the reorganization of labelled neurons' distribution was found in the autograft group, but only one case in the NTN/PGLA group. Conclusion Local application of PGLA tube with neurturin can recover the axoplasm flow of regenerated nerve fibers, its long-term effect can match that of the nerve autograft, and collateral axonal branching occurred less.

应用NTN/PGLA导管的修复能够和自体神经移植修复一样恢复神经缺损的连续性和逆行轴浆运输功能，后期效果相当；应用NTN/PGLA导管修复后神经元分布异位明显少于自体神经移植修复，提示较少发生轴突误向再生，减少面肌联带运动的发生。

In thisstudy, we sought to determine the number of injections neededto provide a reasonably complete anesthesia of the upper limbwith this approach. Seventy-five patients were randomly assignedto receive a coracoid block guided by nerve stimulator with42 mL of 1.5% mepivacaine with a single-injection (Group 1),dual-injection (Group 2), or triple-injection (Group 3) technique.

在本研究中，我们拟探讨为提供完善的上肢麻醉效果所需要的锁骨下臂丛神经阻滞的注射次数。75例病人用神经刺激器指导喙突旁臂丛神经阻滞，随机用1.5%的甲哌卡因42ml 行单次注射（组1）、分两次注射（组2）或分三次注射（组3）。

Neural cell adhesion molecule L1, discovered in the 80s, is one of the matters that can promote nerve regeneration. It can mediate the interaction of cell-to-cell and cell-to-matrix, take great efforts on neurite outgrowth and fasciculation, migration of neural cells, formation of the myelin, structure of neural trace, transmembrane signal transduction, inhibiting apoptosis of neural cells, even on immune system and formation of the tumor. Li is discovered on the mouse's Cerebellar membrane primarily. Thereafter, it also is found in post- mitotic neurons, pre- and non-myelinating Schwann cells and so on.

神经细胞粘附分子L1（L1）是80年代发现的具有促进神经再生作用的物质，它能介导神经细胞与神经细胞之间的粘附，在神经轴突的生长、聚集，神经细胞的转移，纤维髓鞘的形成，神经通路的构建及信号的转导，抑制神经细胞的凋亡甚至在免疫系统、肿瘤的发生等方面均具有非常重要的作用。L1最初是从小鼠的小脑膜中发现，后来发现在有丝分裂后的神经元，髓鞘形成前及非形成髓鞘的雪旺细胞等组织中同样存在。

Agkistrodotoxin, a presynaptic neurotoxin and one of the two neurotoxins from the snake venom of Agkistrodon halys Pallas, has been further purified by DEAF -cellulose and CM-Sephadex column chromatography and vertical slab polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis.

本文在前文的基础上，改进了蝮蛇神经毒素的分离方法，纯化了蝮蛇毒中的两个神经毒素之一，突触前神经毒素Agkistrodotoxin，并对其生化特性进行了分析。

Research of microenvironment werefocused on the neurotrophic factors. Many studies have been done to use nerve conduits filled with exogenetic NTFs with the intention of promote axonal regeneration to the greatest extent efficiently. However concentration of exogenetic NTFs and the means of releasing NTFs still need to be studied.

对于后者，研究主要集中在神经营养因子(neurotrophic factors，NTFs)，众多学者尝试将外源性NTFs引入神经导管，以期尽可能有效地促进轴突再生，但外源性NTFs导入的浓度和释放的途径仍需进一步研究，同时最有益于神经再生所必须的营养因子的数量和种类也待进一步明确。

Methods Seventy-eight adult female PVGrats were divided into experimental group (n=60) and control group (n=18), intraneural injection technique was used to supply three kinds of NO donors with different half-life(DETA NONOate, DPTANONOate and Spermine NONOate) or saline into the rat sciatic nerve subperineurally under light microscope. At the 1th,2th,3th,7th,and 14th day of duration after sciatic nerve injection, a segment of injected sciatic nerve was taken out and embedded it in TAAB resin after tissue processing. Then it was cut into thin layers (1μm) and the histological changes were observed under high power microscope, meantime the number of degenerated axons were counted.

选择78只雌性PVG大鼠，分为实验组和对照组，以在体神经内微注射实验方法，将三种半衰期不同的NO供体(DETA NONOate，DPTA NONOate和Spermine NONOate)及生理盐水分别注入大鼠左侧坐骨神经的神经束膜下，于注射后的不同时间(1天、2天、3天、7天和14天)取出注射部位的坐骨神经，经组织学处理后做成树脂包埋块，以超薄切片机切片，然后在高倍显微镜下观察并计数神经横断面的变性轴突数目。

Gelatin microsphere is firstly made by encapsulating bFGF into gelatin by special manufacture process, then this microsphere was combinated into PLGA conduit or PLGA film.when used, we need only pack the injury peripheral nerve, injury spinal cord, wounded pars encephalic with the PLGA conduit. The conduit or film can slowly release buff which would be absorbed by around tissues.bFGF was already proved to be nutritious to the regeneration and alive of neuron and protect injury neuron.bFGF can also promote morphogenesia and division of nerve cell which would raise the survival rate of neuron, guide the generation of axon etc.bFGF is one of the important factors of sustaining the normal survival of cholinergic nerve.

使用时，只需将此材料贴敷外周损伤神经伤患处，脊髓伤口，或在脑部开颅手术后填充于术后创面，可有效地在伤口局部缓慢地释放并由机体组织吸收bFGF等神经营养因子。bFGF等已被证明具有神经营养作用，可促进神经元的再生与存活，保护受损的神经元。bFGF等对神经细胞兼有促进形态发生与分裂作用，具有提高神经元的成活率、诱导轴突向外生长等功能，是维持前脑基底部胆碱能神经元正常生存的重要因素。

Results:The anterior bundle of the UCL starts from anterior inferior part of the medial condyle,and ends on the sublimis tubercle in front of the coronoid process of ulna,locating in the deep layer of the flexor carpal ulnar muscle.The distance between ulnar nerve and UCL is (0.9±0.1)cm in the center of cubital tunnel,and (0.6±0.3)cm in the distal foramen of cubital tunnel.The distance from the point of ulnar nerve entering the flexor carpi ulnar muscle to the medial epicondyle is (3.7±0.8)cm.The distance between the closest branch innervated flexor muscle of the median nerve and the approach is (1.6±0.5)cm at the level of medial epicondyle,and (0.9±0.4)cm at the level of ulnar tubercle.

结果：UCL前束起于肱骨内侧髁的前下方，止于尺骨冠突内侧的小结节，UCL前束位于尺侧腕屈肌肱头、尺头之间的深层；尺神经在肘管中部与尺侧副韧带前束的平均距离为(0.9±0.1)cm，在肘管的远侧出口，距尺侧副韧带的尺骨止点(0.6±0.3)cm；尺神经至尺侧腕屈肌尺头肌支的入肌点距肱骨内侧髁的距离为(3.7±0.8)cm；正中神经最靠近切口的分支距切口的距离，在肱骨内侧髁和尺骨结节水平分别为(1.6±0.5)cm和(0.9±0.4)cm。

But we don't care about Battlegrounds.

但我们并不在乎沙场中的显露。

Ah! don't mention it, the butcher's shop is a horror.

啊！不用提了。提到肉，真是糟透了。