神经的

Algorithm application of neural networks.Ⅲ Implementation of neuro-computers. The main contribution of the dissertation can be summarized as follows: 1 Hopf bifurcation of three kind of neural networks are discussed in detail, including type of discrete time delay, type of time delay with weak kernel and strong kernel as well as the proof of existence of bifurcation. Other problems such as asymptotic stability of bifurcation periodic solution, algorithm of determining the bifurcation direction, asymptotic stability and style of periodic solution are also studied. The average time delay is chosen as the bifurcation parameter, phenomena pertinent to system states of the continuous time delay network with strong kernel evolving from stable to oscillating, then back to stable again are observed.

论文的主要创新之处可以归纳如下： 1）针对目前国内外对神经网络的分岔研究较少的情况，论文中详细讨论了带离散时延神经网络、带弱核的连续时延神经网络、带连续分布时延且具有强核的神经网络的Hopf分岔现象，从理论上证明了Hopf分岔的存在性，并研究了分岔周期解的渐近稳定性，得到了确定周期解的渐近稳定性、分岔方向、周期解的渐近形式的算法；用平均时延作为分岔参数，发现带强核的连续时延神经网络中存在着系统的状态由稳定变化到振荡现象，当继续增加平均时延参数时，又从振荡变为稳定这一特殊的动力学现象。

Large numbers of experiments internal and external had confirmed both direct current and square pulse of distal end cathodal could improve peripheral nerve regeneration, because it could speed up transmigration, creeper, growth and development of cell Schwann, derivate growth of nerve fiber; it also increased blood capillary of epineurium, brood blood vessel, amendment ischemic of impaired nerve, it still could accelerate Wallerian

国内外大量的基础实验及临床研究都证实远端负极电流的直流电场及脉冲电场等均有促进周围神经再生的作用，认为其可加速Schwann细胞的游走、爬行及生长发育，诱导神经纤维的生长；电刺激还能促使神经外膜毛细血管数量增多，扩张血管，改善神经损伤段缺血状态，并加速Wallerian变性及崩解组织的清除，为Schwann细胞发育和髓鞘化过程提供充足的能量与物质，同时为神经轴突的再生提供良好的内环境；在神经断端出现瘢痕或神经瘤时，电刺激可增加神经纤维穿越瘢痕的能力。

Neuropsychiatric symptoms of Alzheimer's disease seem to associate with neurodegeneration of specific neural networks supporting personal memory, reality monitoring, processing of reward, interoceptive sensations and subjective emotional experience.

阿耳茨海默氏病的神经精神症状似乎与具体的神经网状结构的神经退行性变有关系，这些神经结构支配个人记忆、现实性监测、奖赏处理、内感受器性感觉和主观情感体验。

The vertebrate embryonic structure that is located just dorsal and lateral to the neural tube; it is formed from neural plate cells that break away as the neural tube is being formed; the neural crest develops into the PNS.

脊椎动物的胚胎结构，是在神经管的背向和侧向；他是从神经板细胞形成的，如同神经管被打破而形成；神经冠发展至周边神经系统。

Results Trunk neural crest stem cells were successfully isolated and cultured. The immuocytochemcal result showed that the cells were nestin-and P75-positive. Trunk neural crest stem cells grew through adhering to chitosan fiber after inoculation. Under an electon microscope, the spindle-shaped trunk neural crest stem cells were proliferated and migrated along the fiber. The cells arranged side by side or linked by heads and tails in processes. The ends of S-100 positive cells were flat and expanded, adhering to the fiber as claw-shaped pseudopodium.

结果 采用神经管植块法培养的神经嵴干细胞，免疫细胞化学染色呈现nestin及P75双阳性，将其接种在壳聚糖纤维支架材料上，可见神经嵴干细胞贴附于壳聚糖纤维上生长；S-100免疫细胞化学染色显示，S-100阳性细胞突起的末端呈扁平状膨大；扫描电镜显示，壳聚糖纤维上的躯干神经嵴干细胞为梭形，呈现"端对端"、"肩并肩"排列，伸出爪形伪足贴附于壳聚糖纤维上。

Aiming at the disadvantage of conventional BP neural network, such as selecting parameter values by the empirical method, slow convergence speed and easy trap into local minimum points, this paper designs an improved BP neural network system. In order to improve the network convergence rate and reduce the training error, this paper optimizes the initial connecting weight value of neural network by the use of ant colony algorithm and trains artificial neural network by Levenberg-Marquardt algorithm.

针对常规BP神经网络参数的经验式取值方法以及收敛速度慢，容易陷入局部最小点等缺陷，设计了一种改进的神经网络系统，利用蚁群算法优化神经网络连接权初值，并采用LM算法对人工神经网络进行训练，提高了网络的收敛速度，降低了训练误差。

This article based on the existence of neural stem cells location,source,implantation,repair mechanisms and implantation of neural stem cells in the body′s immune response to research.It is found that neural sten cells in repair of nerve tissue defects and promote functional recovery of the nervous system plays an indispensable role.

本文通过对神经干细胞的存在部位、来源、植入途径、修复机制及植入体内后机体对神经干细胞的免疫反应进行研究概述，发现神经干细胞在修复神经组织缺损、促进神经系统功能恢复方面起到不可或缺的作用。

In chapter 4, basing theories and methods of scientific visualization, and artificial neural network BP algorithm, we integrate the Visual C++, OpenGL graphics library and Excel VBA technique to develop the program of artificial neural network and to make the BP algorithm visually, this program works can be divided into four parts: Using C language to develop program about BP algorithm; Using Visual C++, develop the GUI Interface, make input parameter visually; Using OpenGL graphic technique to display the training sample point in three dimension; at last using Excel DDE technique display the error graphic tables in Excel system In chapter 5, on the view of engineering application, we establish new method of surface reconstruction basing artificial neural network, develop interface program between module and commercial CAD/CAM system, meantime deeply discuss some key problems, for example, setting up the base plane, using the API technique, cutting and editing surface boundary, and also discuss the more compliant problem: how to intersect surface, at end we finish the work of translation from our surface reconstruction module to commercial CAD/CAM system, then make reverse engineering system basing artificial neural network more useful.

第四章基于科学计算可视化理论，依据人工神经网络BP算法理论模型，综合Visual C++，OpenGL图形库以及Excel VBA等多项软件开发技术，编制了人工神经网络程序，实现了BP算法的可视化映射。具体工作分为四部分：利用C语言实现人工神经网络BP算法；利用VisualC++的GUI技术开发图形用户界面，实现参数设置可视化；利用OpenGL图形技术进行三维映射，显示学习样本及训练样本点；利用微软电子表格DDE动态数据交换技术，在Excel上动态显示学习误差曲线图。第五章从工程应用的角度出发，提出了一种新的基于人工神经网络算法的曲面裁剪重构方法，完成了曲面重建模块与通用CAD/CAM系统的接口设计工作，对其中的若干关键问题进行了深入讨论，例如基平面设定、API技术的应用、边界裁剪等问题，同时，对曲面计算中较为困难的曲面相交问题也进行的专门探讨，最终完成了曲面重建模块向CAD/CAM系统的数据传输工作，使人工神经网络逆向工程系统趋向实用。

Objective To investigate the feasibility of repairing surgically ablated cavernous nerves with silastic nerve tube conduit filled with nerve growth enhancing media.

目的 探讨利用神经套管术加神经生长强化介质修复阴茎海绵体神经损伤，重建勃起功能的可行性。

Dr Paton predicts that the molecule may alter levels of neurotransmitters, which control how signals pass from one nerve to the next.

Paton博士预测，JAM-1分子可能改变了神经递质水平，而神经递质负责控制神经间的信号传递。

We have no common name for a mime of Sophron or Xenarchus and a Socratic Conversation; and we should still be without one even if the imitation in the two instances were in trimeters or elegiacs or some other kind of verse--though it is the way with people to tack on 'poet' to the name of a metre, and talk of elegiac-poets and epic-poets, thinking that they call them poets not by reason of the imitative nature of their work, but indiscriminately by reason of the metre they write in.

索夫农 、森那库斯和苏格拉底式的对话采用的模仿没有一个公共的名称；三音步诗、挽歌体或其他类型的诗的模仿也没有——人们把&诗人&这一名词和格律名称结合到一起，称之为挽歌体诗人或者史诗诗人，他们被称为诗人，似乎只是因为遵守格律写作，而非他们作品的模仿本质。

The relationship between communicative competence and grammar teaching should be that of the ends and the means.

交际能力和语法的关系应该是目标与途径的关系。