神经生理的

Boyle then proved that air is essential for life and combustion, and Lavoisier's (1743-1794) discovery of oxygen led to the concept that respiration is a kind of combustion. Galvani (1737-1798) and Volta 's (1745-1827) experiments demonstrated the phenomenon of electrophysiologic functions in muscles and nerves. Their discoveries laid the foundation of electrophysiology.

Boyle 证明了空气是生命及燃烧所需，而 Lavoisier(1743-1794)对氧气的发现更进一步阐明了呼吸是一种燃烧的概念，而 Galvani(1737-1798)及 Volta(1745-1827)显示了肌肉与神经的电气生理现象，开启了电气生理学的大门。

The human heart is the center of the cardiovascular system. Integrated with mechanical, electrical, neural and biochemical properties, the heart is difficult to model, and there is no ideal integral model now. The developed electrical models haven't considered the mechanical properties and blood flow process in the heart; while the mechanical ones have normally deal with the heart in the diastole period, and the electrical activity was simplified too much although some mechanical models have investigated the heart during systole.

心脏是循环系统的核心，它集机、电、神经和生化控制于一体，建模难度很大，目前尚无较理想的统一模型；心脏电生理模型未与心脏的机械动力过程和血液流动过程联系起来；而心脏力学模型大都只研究舒张期的力学特性，即使研究收缩期心脏的力学问题，也往往对心电兴奋做了许多简化假设。

The results indicated that the local injury far from brain could induce the different degrees of disturbance of CNS homeostasis and indirect damage due to the difference of stress intensity, and the activitic changes of ET〓 in neurohumor might be one of the important pathophysiologic bases of the disturbance of CNS homeostasis by noncerebral injury.

结果表明，非颅脑损伤可对中枢神经系统产生不同范围、不同程度的间接损害，且不同应激强度对CNS产生不同程度的影响；神经-体液ET〓活性变化是间接脑损伤中CNS应变调控紊乱的重要的病理生理指标之一。

Objective:Through the establishment of tractive spinal cord injury model on the rat,we discussed the pathophysiological changes and clinical significance of this scathe by the evaluation of magnetic stimulating motion evoked potential and behavioral functional tests.

目的 ：建立大鼠脊髓牵拉性损伤的模型，探讨实验性脊髓牵拉性损伤的病理生理改变及临床意义。方法：双侧椎板切除显露大鼠脊髓的全宽，用模拟神经拉钩特制的牵开器由侧方牵拉脊髓，实现水平方向上的脊髓牵拉性损伤，并用磁刺激运动诱发电位和行为学功能试验指标进行综合评价。

Periaqueductal gray neurons exhibit increased responsiveness associated with audiogenic seizures in the genetically epilepsy-prone rat.

总之，听源性惊厥发作诱导PAG内大量神经元表达c-fos基因，揭示了PAG内神经元功能活动的剧烈改变，N'Gouemo［12］的电生理研究也发现，听源性惊厥易感大鼠PAG内许多神经元表现为异常的高反应性状态，而且出现与强直相关的神经元异常放电，这些都进一步说明PAG参与了听源性惊厥发作过程，但其中的神经化学机制尚需进一步探讨。

Methods Adopting electrophysiological methods, the extracellular discharge signals of neuronic action in NTS were recorded with glass microelectrode. The influence of the discharges of NTS neurons and gastric pressure responding to the acupuncture at "Zusanli" point were observed in normal status and the condition of Atropine or Metoclopramide intravenous injection.

采用神经电生理学方法，用微电极细胞外记录大鼠孤束核单个神经元的活动，在正常生理状态下及经血管注射抑制胃运动的药物阿托品或促进胃运动的药物胃复安后，观察针刺&足三里&对孤束核神经元放电及胃内压的影响。

Methods Adopting electrophysiological methods,the extracellular discharge signals of neuronic action in NTS were recorded with glass microelectrodes. The effects of acupuncture at "Zusanli"(ST 36),"Neiguan"(PC 6),"Zhongwan"(CV 12),"Qihai"(CV 6) on discharges of NTS neurons and intra-gastric pressure were observed in the rat at normal physiological state,and increase or reduction of gastric motility.

采用神经电生理学方法，用微电极细胞外记录大鼠孤束核单个神经元的活动，观察在正常生理状态及胃运动增强和胃运动抑制的病理状态下，分别针刺&足三里&&内关&&中脘&&气海&对孤束核神经元放电及胃内压的影响。

Resultsthe level cross-sectional area of the median nerve at the pisiform bone in the cts patients of the observation group was significantly higher than that of the normal control group and the flat rate of the observation group was significantly higher than that of the normal control group. the high-frequency ultrasound diagnostic sensitivity was 80.4%(lower than the sensitivity of the conventional electrophysiological examination),with painless,non-invasive characteristics of dynamic ultrasound imaging and lower cost.

结果 cts患者正中神经在豌豆骨水平截面积明显大于正常对照组；观察组的扁平率明显高于正常对照组；高频超声检查的诊断敏感度为80.4%，不及常规的电生理诊断敏感度；超声可以动态成像，无痛无创，费用较低。

Methods to improve anorectal function after anterior re section include autonomic nerve preservation, puborectalis muscle preservation and anorectal angle restruction, etc.

针对以上前切除术后的病理生理改变，许多学者提出了一系列方法来改善前切除术后的肛门直肠功能，包括术中保留植物神经、保留耻骨直肠肌及肛门直肠角重建以及增加新建直肠的容量。

Neural stem cells exist in numerous regions of the central nevous system and have capacity to differentiate into neurons. Noggin promotes adult neurogenesis of subventricular zone and subgranular zone by blocking endogenous bone morphological protein signaling under physiologic state.

神经干细胞存在于中枢神经系统的广泛区域，且这些细胞具有分化为神经元的潜能。noggin通过拮抗内源性骨形态蛋白(Bone Morphological Protein， BMPs)的作用促进生理状态下成年动物室下区和海马齿状回成体神经元发生。

According to the clear water experiment, aeration performance of the new equipment is good with high total oxygen transfer coefficient and oxygen utilization ratio.

曝气设备的动力效率在叶轮转速为120rpm～150rpm时取得最大值，此时氧利用率和充氧能力也具有较高值。

The environmental stability of that world - including its crushing pressures and icy darkness - means that some of its most famous inhabitants have survived for eons as evolutionary throwbacks, their bodies undergoing little change.

稳定的海底环境─包括能把人压扁的压力和冰冷的黑暗─意谓海底某些最知名的栖居生物已以演化返祖的样态活了万世，形体几无变化。