神经形成

The top of neural tube forms basic encenphalic shape,namely endbrain, interbrain, midbrain and afterbrain. The abnormal closure of neural tube will result in neural tube detects. Encephalocoele is a common congenital malformation whose mechanism was no known. NO participates in the physiologic process of brain.

胚胎脑发育的早期阶段主要是神经板隆起、弯曲、闭合形成神经管，神经管的头部从前向后依次发育形成脑的基本组织形态，即端脑、间脑、中脑、后脑，在神经管闭合过程中出现异常就会导致NTD。

The fine vessel braneh could be found on epineurium and periheurium in 3 days, the capillary network has been formed in the midportion of the nerve segment and spread toward two sides in 7 days, from 14 to 21 days, the capillary network spreaded through the whole grafts and conrected with the capillaries from the two ends.

术后3天，血管已在神经外膜和束膜上形成微小分支。7天移植神经的中段已形成毛细血第四军医大学硕士研究生毕业论文管网，并向两端扩展，而自两端长入的血管则较少。14天至刀天，血管网己分布在移植神经段的全段及各层，并与两端长入的毛细血管相吻合。

The table of contents include 15 parts, early events in neural development; neuronal differentiation; pattern and positional information; movement and migration of neurons; axon outgrowth and the generation of stereotyped nerve patterns; neuronal death during development; trophic effects of targets on neurons; long-term effects of neurons on their targets; formation of synapses; selective synaptic connections; the molecular basis of neuronal recognition; rearrangement of developing neuronal connections; maintenance and modifiability of synapses; the development of behavior; principles of neural development.

内容包括15部分，早期神经发育事件；神经细胞分化；模式与位置信息；神经元运动及迁移；轴突生长与固定的神经模式的形成；发育过程中的神经细胞死亡；对神经细胞靶向的营养效应；神经细胞对它们靶向的长期效应；突触形成；选择突触连结；神经细胞识别的分子基础；发育过程中神经细胞连结的重置；突触保持和改变；行为发育；神经发育原理。

The vertebrate embryonic structure that is located just dorsal and lateral to the neural tube; it is formed from neural plate cells that break away as the neural tube is being formed; the neural crest develops into the PNS.

脊椎动物的胚胎结构，是在神经管的背向和侧向；他是从神经板细胞形成的，如同神经管被打破而形成；神经冠发展至周边神经系统。

Neuroectoderm; neural crest; neural plate; floor plate; neural tube; neuraxis; neurulation; neuroblasts; neural stem cells; neuroprogenitor cells; stem cells; differentiation; ontogeny; morphogenesis; histogenesis; organogenesis; synaptogenesis; gangliogenesis; embryogenesis; axonogenesis; retinogenesis; gliogenesis; glial progenitor cells; oligodendrocyte progenitor cells; retinal progenitor cells; nerve growth factor; neurotrophic factors; trophic factors; growth factors; neural tube defects; anencephaly; spina bifida; neuroblastoma cells; neurogenesis; development; developmental stages

神经外胚层；神经脊；神经板；底板；神经管；轴索；神经胚形成；成神经细胞；神经干细胞；神经母细胞；干细胞；分化；个体发生；形态发生；组织发生；器官发生；突触发生；gangliogenesis；胚胎发生；axonogenesis；retinogenesis；gliogenesis；神经胶质祖细胞；少突神经胶质细胞祖细胞；视网膜祖细胞；神经生长因子；神经营养因子；营养因子；生长因素；神经管故障；无脑；脊柱裂；成神经细胞瘤细胞；神经发生；发展；发展进程

Neuroectoderm; neural crest; neural plate; floor plate; neural tube; neuraxis; neurulation; neuroblasts; stem cells; differentiation; ontogeny; morphogenesis; histogenesis; organogenesis; synaptogenesis; gangliogenesis; embryogenesis; axonogenesis; retinogenesis; gliogenesis; glial progenitor cells; oligodendrocyte progenitor cells; retinal progenitor cells; nerve growth factor; neurotrophic factors; trophic factors; growth factors; neural tube defects; anencephaly; spina bifida; neuroblastoma cells; cell migration; neurogenesis; development; developmental stages

神经外胚层；神经脊；神经板；底板；神经管；轴索；神经胚形成；成神经细胞；干细胞；分化；个体发生；形态发生；组织发生；器官发生；突触发生；gangliogenesis；胚胎发生；axonogenesis；retinogenesis；gliogenesis；神经胶质祖细胞；少突神经胶质细胞祖细胞；视网膜祖细胞；神经生长因子；神经营养因子；营养因子；生长因素；神经管故障；无脑；脊柱裂；成神经细胞瘤细胞；细胞迁移；神经发生；发展；发展进程首页上一页下一页末页共有 22 条记录，本页从第 11 到第 20 条。

In group A, the medial antebrachial cutaneous nerve was cut 5 mm away from its origin and its proximal end was anastomozed end-to-end to the distal end of musculocutaneous nerve. In group B, the musculocutaneous nerve was cut 5 mm away from its nerve entry point and the proximal end of medial antebrachial cutaneous nerve were anastomozed end-to-end to the distal end of musculocutaneous nerve. In group C, medial antebrachial cutaneous nerve and musculocutaneous nerve were cut, without further anastomosis.

每组大鼠左上肢制备实验模型，右上肢为正常对照，不作任何处理。A组：于距前臂内侧皮神经起点5 mm 处切断该神经，将其近端与切断的肌皮神经远端行无张力端端吻合；B 组：于距肌皮神经入肌点5 mm 处切断该神经，将其远端与切断的前臂内侧皮神经近端行无张力的端端吻合；C 组：切断肌皮神经和前臂内侧皮神经后不予吻合，形成肱二头肌失神经支配模型。

Neuroectoderm; neural crest; neural plate; floor plate; neural tube; neuraxis; neurulation; neuroblasts; neural stem cells; neuroprogenitor cells; stem cells; differentiation; ontogeny; morphogenesis; histogenesis; organogenesis; synaptogenesis; gangliogenesis; embryogenesis; axonogenesis; retinogenesis; gliogenesis; glial progenitor cells; oligodendrocyte progenitor cells; retinal progenitor cells; nerve growth factor; neurotrophic factors; trophic factors; growth factors; neural tube defects; anencephaly; spina bifida; neuroblastoma cells; neurogenesis; development; developmental stages

神经外胚层；神经脊；神经板；底板；神经管；轴索；神经胚形成；成神经细胞；神经干细胞；神经母细胞；干细胞；分化；个体发生；形态发生；组织发生；器官发生；突触发生；神经节发生；胚胎发生；轴突发生；视网膜发生；神经胶质发生；神经胶质祖细胞；少突神经胶质细胞祖细胞；视网膜祖细胞；神经生长因子；神经营养因子；营养因子；生长因素；神经管缺陷；无脑；脊柱裂；成神经细胞瘤细胞；神经发生；发展；发育阶段

Neuroectoderm; neural crest; neural plate; floor plate; neural tube; neuraxis; neurulation; neuroblasts; stem cells; differentiation; ontogeny; morphogenesis; histogenesis; organogenesis; synaptogenesis; gangliogenesis; embryogenesis; axonogenesis; retinogenesis; gliogenesis; glial progenitor cells; oligodendrocyte progenitor cells; retinal progenitor cells; nerve growth factor; neurotrophic factors; trophic factors; growth factors; neural tube defects; anencephaly; spina bifida; neuroblastoma cells; cell migration; neurogenesis; development; developmental stages

神经外胚层；神经脊；神经板；底板；神经管；轴索；神经胚形成；成神经细胞；干细胞；分化；个体发生；形态发生；组织发生；器官发生；突触发生；gangliogenesis；胚胎发生；axonogenesis；retinogenesis；gliogenesis；神经胶质祖细胞；少突神经胶质细胞祖细胞；视网膜祖细胞；神经生长因子；神经营养因子；营养因子；生长因素；神经管故障；无脑；脊柱裂；成神经细胞瘤细胞；细胞迁移；神经发生；发展；发展进程下一页末页共有 23 条记录，本页从第 1 到第 10 条。

The results show that the single-layered neural tube fails to form and the neural crest cells remain at the lateral regions in the explants with NTDs. However, the patterning of the neural tube is not affected as indicated by the normal expression of the preneural genes.

结果显示神经管闭合缺陷的移植体不能形成单层化的神经管，并且神经晴细胞滞留在侧面区域不能向背侧中线迁移，而对神经前体标记基因的检测显示神经管的背腹图式形成并未受到影响。

However, as the name（read－only memory）implies, CD disks cannot be written onorchanged in any way.

然而，正如其名字所指出的那样，CD盘不能写，也不能用任何方式改变其内容。

Galvanizes steel pallet is mainly export which suits standard packing of European Union, the North America. galvanizes steel pallet is suitable to heavy rack. Pallet surface can design plate type, corrugated and the gap form, satisfies the different requirements.

镀锌钢托盘多用于出口，替代木托盘，免薰蒸，符合欧盟、北美各国对出口货物包装材料的法令要求；喷涂钢托盘适用于重载上货架之用，托盘表面根据需要制作成平板状、波纹状及间隔形式，满足不同的使用要求。