神经小体

A theorem shows that if we apply the FNN with its algorithm in the control of the systems above mentioned, the static error will be small arbitrarily as long as the parameter δ in hypercylinder is small enough. The feasibility and the control effectiveness of the method are examined through simulation example of nonlinear dynamic system.

将基于超柱体聚类的模糊神经网络及其学习算法用于不可逆的非线性系统模型Ⅱ的控制中，定理表明，静态误差可以任意小，只要聚类的底面直径足够小。

Results In 84 cases of nerve root type,stenosis was found in 438 intervertebral foramen,of which C6～7 and C5～6 intervertebral foramen stenosis accounted for 79.6%.The causes of intervertebral foramen stenosis were uncinate process articulation hyperosteogeny,intervenebral disc protrusion,vertebral body hypertrophy,zygapophysis hyperosteogeny and dislocation etc.40 cases of vertbral artery type manifested that vertbral artery became slim and deviousness as a result of the compression of vertbral artery （20.7%） by osteophyte.22 cases of myeloid type manifested with cervical spinal canal stenosis,hyperosteogeny of posterior vertebral body edge,posterior longitudinal ligament calcification and cervical intervertebral disc protrusion etc.

结果 84例神经根型中，发现椎间孔狭窄438处，其中C5～6和C6～7椎间孔狭窄占79.6%，椎间孔狭窄的成因有钩突关节骨质增生、椎间盘突出、椎体肥大、小关节突骨质增生、错位等；40例椎动脉型表现为骨赘压迫椎动脉（52.5%），导致椎动脉变细、粗细不均和椎动脉迂曲。22例脊髓型表现为颈椎椎管狭窄、椎体后缘骨质增生、后纵韧带钙化、椎间隙狭窄和颈椎间盘突出等。

Results there were unconsciousness, respiratory rhythm disturbance and hyporeflexia of pupil light reflex immediately after injury, and reactiveness decrease and activity retardation still existed even after resuming consciousness. at anatomical scene, subarachnoid hemorrhage or cerebroventricular haemorrhage were widespread. at an early stage, there were swelling, collapse, and axonal retraction ball formation at cortico-medulla junction, callosum, brainstem, and cerebellar white matter under microscope. but at the later stage, gitter cell proliferation and nest-like aggregation were major pathophysiological changes at focal brain tissue.

结果 伤后大鼠均即刻出现原发昏迷，其中2只于损伤后20 min内死亡，余持续时间1-30 min不等；伤后大鼠呼吸节律紊乱，瞳孔对光反射减弱或消失，醒后均有程度不等的反应性下降，肢体活动迟缓；肉眼可见广泛蛛网膜下腔出血或脑室出血；光镜下可见皮髓交界区、胼胝体区、脑干、小脑白质等部位的神经轴索有不同程度的肿胀、断裂、轴索球形成，后期有小胶质细胞增生，局部呈巢样聚集。

Recently, many foreign researchers found that the tetrodotoxin-resistant voltage-gated sodium channel, Nav1.8, which is expressed only by unmyelinated small-diameter sensory neurons associated with nociception in dorsal root ganglion and trigeminal ganglion, is involved in pain pathways and play a key role. Thus it provides a new idea in pain research.

近年来，国外众多学者发现河豚毒素(tetrodotoxin，TTX)不敏感型(TTX-resistant，TTX-R)电压门控钠通道Na_v1.8与疼痛的关系极为密切，其仅分布在背根神经节(dorsal root ganglion，DRG)和三叉神经节(trigeminal ganglion，TG)中的与伤害性感受密切相关的无髓鞘的小直径感觉神经元胞体上，它为疼痛的研究提供了新的思路。

With the increasing of transmiting current and reducing of the minimal discriminable voltage, the influence of geological interference becomes more evident, so it is very necessary to introduce feasible mathematical methods to direct and inverse calculation of TEM, such as ANN, GA. Via an experiment on a known-profile in a copper mine, it is validated that the flexibility of the system and feasibility of the interpretation software.

数据采集软件、后期处理解释软件的编制及解释精度问题由于发送电流的加大和最小可测电压的提高，在加大了勘探深度的同时，地质噪声和各种效应的影响将更加明显，从而对解释软件也提出了更高的要求，传统的数据处理解释软件不能满足要求了，因此有必要引入成熟的数学方法：如神经网络等，增加一维、二维的解释精度与速度，并对于特殊三维体作正演计算。

The attenuation values at unenhanced and enhanced CT of the tumor were also recorded. Results The 32 cases adrenal neoplasms included 9 cases with aldosterone-producing adenoma, 5 hydrocortisone-producing adenomas, 1non-functional adenoma, 5 cortical hyperplasies,4 pheochromocytomas,2 adenocarcinomas, 3 metastases, 1 fibroneuroma, 1 ganglioneuroma and 1 myelolipomas. Conclusion The characteristics on CT images are associated with the pathological feature in adrenal neoplasms.

结果 醛固酮腺瘤9例，体积较小且密度低，增强后轻度增强；皮质醇腺瘤5例，瘤体较大，边界清，密度略低于正常肾上腺组织；无功腺瘤1例；结节增生5例，为等或稍低密度影，增强后强化较明显；嗜铬细胞瘤4例，体积较大，密度不均，可见多个囊变坏死区；皮质腺癌2例，肿块形态不规则，边缘模糊，密度不均匀，易发生大片坏死及点状钙化；转移瘤3例；神经纤维瘤、神经节瘤及髓性脂肪瘤各1例。

After the cell growth curves was recorded, RPE cells of the 3-5th passages were utilized. 2、Three different siRNA (siRNAl,siRNA2,siRNA3) targeting against human cx43 gene and one negative control siRNA were designed and transfected into cultured human RPE cells via liposome reagent. The most effective siRNA can be determined by semi-quantitative reverse transcription PCRRT-PCR. 3、To the most effective siRNA, after transfected into human RPEs with different concentration, the cellular proliferate activities were messured by MTT colorimetry ; the percentages of RPE in different cell circle phase was assayed by FCM; the changes of phenotypical properities were observed with SCM; the protein expression of cx43 was studied through immunocytochemistry stain and Weston blot; the communication intercellular was calculated with FRAP; and the ability of recovery was assessed by using an in vitro wound healing model.4、The total proteins of siRNA1 and RPE were seperated by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and visualized by silver staining. Proteins with significant expression alterations were selected and their peptide mass fingerprints (PMFs were obtained by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time of flying mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS).The PMFs were used to search NCBInr database by Auto MS-Fit software.

实验方法：1、培养原代的人RPE细胞，经过细胞角蛋白、S-100和神经胶质原纤维酸性蛋白免疫细胞化学鉴定后，通过AO/PI染色技术确定培养细胞的存活率，描记其生长曲线，第3-5代用于以下细胞实验2、生物合成针对人cx43基因的三条小干扰RNA和一条阴性RNA通过脂质体转染RPE细胞后，通过RT-PCR的方法确定抑制效率最高的干扰片断3、将该片段以不同浓度通过阳离子脂质体转染培养的人RPE细胞后，采用MTT法观察其对细胞的增殖力的作用；通过流式细胞仪观察其对细胞周期的影响；通过扫描电镜观察其对细胞形态的影响；通过免疫细胞化学和Weston blot观察其对cx43蛋白表达的作用；采用激光共聚焦和荧光淬灭恢复技术观察荧光恢复速率平均百分率，评价其对细胞间通讯功能的影响；通过制作RPE细胞损伤模型，观察其对损伤修复能力的作用4、分离纯化转染siRNA的RPE组和正常对照组RPE细胞的全部蛋白质，应用等电聚焦电泳和SDS-PAGE双向电泳技术，银染显示分离出的蛋白质斑点，经凝胶图像分析软件对两个样本进行胶图分析，寻找差异蛋白点。

Methods In58cases,X-ray film,lumbar discography,CT examinations were done to confirm the diagnosis,then total laminectomig was performed to reveal the vertebal body without involving small arˉticular process.Intervertebral tissue was excised via duralotomy approach in2cases in remaining56cases,through right and left longitudinal syndesmotomy to resect the nucleus pulposus of lumber intervertebral disc.Results In58cases treated by operation,the operative findings were in according with the X-ray and CT examinations ofpre-opˉeration.

对58例患者进行X线拍片，腰椎碘造影，CT扫描检查，根据检查结果确诊后，采用全椎板切除显露椎体，未累及小关节突，2例经硬膜切开入路切除间盘组织，余56例经从双侧用神经剥离子带棉片将硬脊膜带神经根向中线剥拉至显露圆形突出物止，分别从左右纵韧带摘除髓核。

Matsuyama et al used calcium phosphate cement, which polymerizes at lower temperatures.37,38 Results were good in terms of pain relief (8.6 preoperatively and 2 postoperatively on the visual analog scale), neurologic recovery and kyphosis restoration (vertebral height was restored to 68%, compared to 41% preoperatively).37,38 This combination of maximal/minimal surgical treatment has value especially in neurologically compromised patients with indication for surgery, who cannot tolerate long procedures and large blood loss due to medical comorbidities.

Matsuyama等人使用磷酸钙骨水泥，其硬化反应温度较低[37，38]，结果表明疼痛缓解良好（视觉模拟评分从术前的8.6分减至术后的2分），神经功能恢复和后凸畸形矫正良好（椎体高度从术前的41％恢复至术后的68 ％）[37，38]，这个&最大/最小&的手术组合治疗方法，尤其适合伴有神经症状而不能耐受长时间的手术和大量失血的患者。

Neural stem cells, defined by Reynols 1992, which were derived from the adult mice corpus striatum firstly, can uninterruptly proliferate and multidifferentiate in vitro and in vivo.

神经干细胞(neural stem cells，NSCs)是干细胞的一种，Reynolds等于1992年首先从成年小鼠脑纹状体分离出能在体外不断分裂增殖、具有多种分化潜能的细胞群，并正式提出了神经干细胞的概念。

For a big chunk of credit-card losses; the number of filings (and thus charge-off rates) would be rising again, whether

年美国个人破产法的一个改动使得破产登记急速下降，而后引起了信用卡大规模的亏损。

Eph. 4:23 And that you be renewed in the spirit of your mind

弗四23 而在你们心思的灵里得以更新