神经学上的

Their ages ranged 6 to 13 years. Their EEGs were characterized by continuous spike-and-wave discharges during non-rapid eye movement sleep, accounting for 85%-100% of the period of NREM sleep. Clinically, these children had various types of epileptic seizures and exhibited different degrees of neuropsychiatric impairments, language dysfunction, and/or behavioral disturbances. Neuroimaging abnormalities were found in 6 cases, including atelencephalia or atrophy, gray matter heterotopia and leucomalacia. CONCLUSIONS: This study indicates the characteristics of CSWS syndrome in clinical manifestations, EEG and neuroimaging examinations.

结果：9例患儿的视频脑电图结果符合CSWS诊断标准，年龄6~13岁，脑电图表现为棘慢复合波在整个非快速眼动睡眠期几乎持续存在，其放电时间占整个NREM期的85%~100%；临床上患者表现不同类型的癫癎发作，在神经精神方面存在不同程度的损害，存在言语和/或行为障碍；其中6例患儿显示有神经影像学异常，包括脑发育不全或萎缩、灰质异位、脑白质软化等。

Visual Rice Growth Models system represented an effort to design crop modeling software with object-oriented paradigm and to organize classes in system with model-document-view architecture. Firstly, the crop-environment system was abstracted as many subsystems and physiological processes with object-oriented paradigm while many classes were established to simulate the behaviors of these subsystems and physiological processes. In VRGM, the document-view architecture in Visual C++ was extended as model-document-view architecture for agricultural integrated system. In the model-document-view architecture, document gets the final simulation results by manipulating the models classes and acts as a communicating intermediacy between model and view. Views display the simulation results and translate users' operation and data entering to document. The architecture separates the domain models, data management and user interface.

中文题名可视水稻生长模型与智能栽培专家系统的研制副题名外文题名 Studies on visual rice growth models and cultivation expert system of computational intelligence 论文作者米湘成导师邹应斌研究员学科专业作物栽培学与耕作学研究领域\研究方向作物模拟与专家系统学位级别博士学位授予单位湖南农业大学学位授予日期2001 论文页码总数64页关键词作物生长模拟生长模型水稻馆藏号BSLW /2003 /S126 /2 本研究系国家"九五"攻关项目"水稻大面积高产综合配套技术研究与示范"课题的子专题，并结合水稻高产栽培技术资料和水稻专家的知识、经验以及科研成果，研制成了可视水稻生长模型(Visual Rice Growth Models，VRGM)及水稻高产栽培专家系统，并在此基础上进一步利用人工神经网络模型、模糊逻辑技术和田间栽培试验，对生长模型和专家系统进行了改进。

The research, by the French Laboratory of Neurobiology and Cognition, is published in the magazine Science.

法国神经生物和认知学实验室进行的此项研究发表在《科学》杂志上。

Recently, it is proved that SP is also involved in pain modulation, acupuncture analgesia and immunoin- hibition. However, the role of CGRP in them is unclear Therefore, the dy- namic changes of CGRP-, SP-like immunoreactivity and expression ofα- CGRP,β-CGRP mRNAs in dorsal root ganglion and spinal cord in the arthritic rats were observed by using immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization techniques combined with behavioral tests, respectively. Subsequently, the effects of this peoptide on the develoment of polyarthritis were investigated by intrthecal injections of CGRP and its antagonist in the rats. In addtion, GAL is a novel neuropeptide which coexists with CGRP and SP, but it may play a different role in the primary sensory system. Thus, we also observed the changes of GAL and GAL mRNA in DRG neurons and the spinal cord. The results were as follows

为此本文拟在大鼠佐剂性关节炎模型上，结合行为学测定、用免疫组织化学、原位核酸分子杂交技术观察脊髓背角及DRG中CGRP、SP、α-CGRP mRNA、β-CGRPmRNA的动态变化及电针的影响，此外，用鞘内和外周注射CGRP的工具药探讨了CGRP在佐剂性关节炎发生发展中的可能作用；甘丙肽（Galanin，GAL）也是新近发现的一个神经肽，并与CGRP和SP共存于DRG及初级传入末梢中，在神经损伤模型中脊髓CGRP、SP减少，GAL则明显增加，显示GAL与CGRP和SP的作用可能不同，因此在佐剂性关节炎模型上也同时观察了GAL和GAL mRNA的变化，实验结果如下

Topics include historical views of the brain; digital images of the brain; psychopharmacology; mental illness; neurotransmitters; and the culture of brain science.

主题包含有历史上对脑的观点，脑的数位影像；精神病药物学；心理疾病；神经传导物与脑科学的文化。

NMES devices were used and the surface electrodes were applied on the ankle dorsiflexor in ...

研究组患儿在此基础上增加NMES结合肌力训练，NMES采用电刺激仪，4个表面电极放置于患侧足背伸肌群肌腹处给予电刺激，20min/次；肌力训练根据脑瘫患儿的运动功能状况，结合运动学理论、运动学习理论和神经发育学理论等进行针对性训练；1次/d，5次/周，连续6周。

By Laurie Barclay, MDAug. 30, 2004 — Ictal stuttering suggests psychogenic nonepileptic seizures, according to the results of a prospective study published in the Aug. 10 issue of Neurology . These patients have more conversion profiles on the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2 (MMPI-2) than do patients with PNES without ictal stuttering.

Aug。 30， 2004 -根据一项发表于8月10号神经学期刊上的前瞻性试验结果指出，发作时口吃是精神性非癫痫发作的暗示，这些病患于明尼苏达多相人格名册－2（MMPI－2）中，相较于患有PNES但发作时不会口吃的有更多的转换资料。

By Laurie Barclay, MDAug. 30, 2004 — Ictal stuttering suggests psychogenic nonepileptic seizures, according to the results of a prospective study published in the Aug. 10 issue of Neurology . These patients have more conversion profiles on the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2 (MMPI-2) than do patients with PNES without ictal stuttering.

Aug。 30， 2004 -根据一项发表於8月10号神经学期刊上的前瞻性试验结果指出，发作时口吃是精神性非癫痫发作的暗示，这些病患於明尼苏达多相人格名册－2（MMPI－2）中，相较於患有PNES但发作时不会口吃的有更多的转换资料。

objective to investigate the effect of radiography and method of operation on the surgical indication as well as the operation treatment of lumbar disc herniation and lumbar canal stenosis.methods the data of 300 cases with lumbar disc herniation and lumbar canal stenosis were reviewed from jan 1999 to dec 2004.all cases were treated by the method of minimal invasive open operation.the nucleus was resected through an 3.5～4.5cm in length.the sacrospinalis muscle between laminae was stripped partly and the part of upper lamina and the part of medial facet was resected.

目的 探讨影像学检查和手术方法对腰椎间盘突出症和椎管狭窄症手术方式和适应证的影响。方法自1999年1月～2004年12月，为300例腰椎间盘突出症和椎管狭窄症患者实施微创开放式手术，做3.5～4.5cm长的皮肤切口，剥离椎间的部分骶棘肌，咬除部分椎板上缘及小关节内侧缘后，摘除髓核，并根据需要做半椎板或全椎板手术或扩大神经根管和切除肥厚的黄韧带及神经管内的骨性增生。

According to the study published in the journal Neurology, mild tics such as lip puckering, eye rolling, head to ing, and nose scrunching are important clues to diagnosing other learning disabilities.

依据这项刊登在《神经学》杂志上的研究报告，轻微的抽搐如卷舌头、翻眼睛、摇头和抽鼻，是诊断其它一些学习障碍的重要线索。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。