神经外的

These results suggest that the activate spleen-energy method can achieve appetitive purpose by not only affecting the gastrointestinal tract function in periphery, but also regulating the process of ingestion in brain. The basic research about ingestion indicate: one hand, after food enters the gastro-intestinal tract, the endocrine cell of the intestinal tract is activated and secrete many kinds of brains intestines peptide, the level of the brain intestines peptide in blood as the periphery signal spreads to the central nervous system regions that control digest and feeding behavior. On the other hand, it has been shown that dorsal parabranchial neurons, containing CCK-8S, extend fibers to the VMH and are involved in the inhibition of feeding .

关于摄食控制的基础研究表明，一方面食物进入胃肠道后，激活肠道的内分泌细胞，分泌多种脑肠肽如CCK-8S，这些脑肠肽在血中的水平作为外周信号可通过"肠—脑轴"传入中枢神经系统介导消化和摄食行为的部位，影响摄食中枢神经元的活动调节动物的摄食行为；另一方面中枢神经元可合成释放内源性的神经肽直接作用于摄食中枢神经元调节摄食，如中枢鳃旁体神经元的神经纤维就可延伸到达VMH，并且合成释放内源性的CCK-8S。

It is widely accepted that AP depolarize the plasma membrane and open voltage-dependent calcium channels , the calcium influx through VDCCs trigger the fusion of vesicles with plasma membrane and subsequent transmitter release.

现在被普遍接受的观点是当可兴奋细胞受到动作电位的刺激后，细胞的电压依赖性钙离子通道被打开，在动作电位的下降相引起细胞外钙离子的内流从而升高细胞内的游离钙离子浓度，触发许多细胞内的过程，譬如说神经递质分泌、信号转导和基因表达等。

Barrington's nucleus that located in the pontine dorsolateral tegmentum is an important site for controlling voiding in the mammalian brain and is often referred to as pontine micturition center. Barrington's nucleus sends direct projection fibers to the sacral parasympathetic nucleus in which parasympathetic preganglionic neurons innervating detrusor muscles of the bladder are distributed. Electron or chemical stimulation of Barrington's nucleus clicits bladder contraction and increases discharges of bladder postganglionic nerve. Conversely, lesion of the nucleus results in a permanent inability to empty the bladder. On the other hand, an area located just ventral to Barrington's nucleu has been reported to send projection fibers to the ventrolateral group of Onuf's nucleus in the caudal lumbar cord segments; the vetrolateral group of Onuf's nucleus is mainly composed of pudendal motor neurons innervating the external urethral sphincter muscle.

Barrington's核发出纤维投射至支配膀胱逼尿肌的骶髓副交感核，毁损该区可导致动物永久性失去排空膀胱的能力；而电刺激或化学刺激该区可引起支配膀胱的节后纤维放电增加和膀胱逼尿肌收缩。D区是紧邻Barrington's核腹侧的一团神经元，它发出纤维投射至腰骶髓Ounf核的腹外侧群，而Ounf核的腹外侧群主要是由支配尿道外括约肌的阴部神经运动神经元组成。

To those persons who are out of the nerves control, we use FES to generate electrical stimulation and make use of the nerve cells'response to these stimulations to transfer our artificial controlling signals. Through the stimulation of adscititious electrical current, nerve cells are supposed to generate a nerve impulse that is the same as the one induced by natural inspiration.

对于失神经控制的患者，可以采用功能性电刺激仪(Functional electrical stimulation FES)产生电刺激，利用神经细胞对电刺激的响应来传递外加的人工控制信号，通过外电流的作用使神经细胞能产生一个与自然激发引起的动作电位完全一样的神经冲动，使其支配的肌肉纤维产生收缩，从而获得运动的效果。

Research on the Iridoids composition of Valeriana jatamansi Jones in the role of mechanism of action of rat model induced by chronic stress3.1 Effection of Iridoids composition of Valeriana jatamansi Jones on 5-HT and 5-HIAA in colon,serum and central of IBS rats induced by chronic stressMethods:Animals were randomly divided into7 groups:normal group,model group, OSD group,FXT group and Iridoids composition of Valeriana jatamansi Jones groups in quantiy of 24.92mg/kg,12.46mg/kg,6.23mg/kg.

同时，蜘蛛香环烯醚萜可显著降低醋酸所致小鼠的扭体次数，说明其有良好的镇痛作用。3蜘蛛香环烯醚萜治疗肠易激综合征机理3.1蜘蛛香环烯醚萜对5-HT神经递质的影响3.1.1蜘蛛香环(来源：5bABd5C论文网www.abclunwen.com)烯醚萜对外周和中枢5-HT含量的影响目的：探讨蜘蛛香环烯醚萜对慢性应激所致IBS大鼠结肠、血清和脑中5HT、5-HIAA的影响方法：动物随机分为对照组、模型组、昂丹司琼组、氟西汀组、蜘蛛香环烯醚萜24.92mg/kg、12.46mg/kg、6.23mg/kg组，除对照组外，其余各组进行慢性应激实验。

Methods 28 cases of intractable tennis elbow were reviewed. 18 of them were treated by different operations based upon different conditions. Neurolysis or decompression was done on seven among ten cases with related peripheral nerves entrapment syndrome.

对28例（28肘）顽固性肱骨外上髁炎病人中的18例（18肘），分别施以不同的手术方法治疗；对于伴有相关的周围神经嵌压综合征的10例病人，7例施行了相应的神经松解或减压治疗，3例保守治疗。

These results can lead to the following conclusion:〤GRP synthesized by the motoneurons may be a self-serving neurotrophic factor after axotomy.(2) CGRP may serve as a "injury signal" activating both the central and peripherical gli

本研究结果提示，运动神经轴突损伤后，运动神经元合成分泌的CGRP对神经元自身具有直接的神经营养作用，CGRP还可以作为损伤神经元分泌的&损伤信号&激活中枢和外周胶质细胞，从而为运动神经元的存活和轴突再生创造有利的微环境。

However, fully consideration of special structure and physiological function of CRP is critical to investigate whether CRP provide protect effect or pathogenic effect in the progression of atherosclerosis. CRP is a member of pentrxins family, which consists of five identical, noncovalently associated 23-kDa protomers arranged symmetrically around a central pore with a 102 A external diameter. Each protomer has a recognition face with a phosphocholine binding site consisting of two coordinated calcium ions adjacent to a hydrophobic pocket. The opposite face of the pentamer is the effector face, where complement Clq binds and Fc receptors are presumed to bind. A cleft extends from the center of the protomer to the central pore of the pentamer. Both faces ofpentamer form a special bi-phase structure: one face is the ligand recognition phase, which can recognize apoptosis cells and enzyme modified low density lipoprotein in which PCh is exposed.

CRP是一种五聚体蛋白，外径为102 A，由5个相同的单体以非共价键结合，形成双面的环形结构，每个单体的配体识别位点或受体结合位点分别位于五聚体两个平面上，分别组成配体识别相和效应器相，从而构成特殊的二相性结构：一面为配体识别相，含有磷酸胆碱(phosphorycholine，PCh)结合位点，能够使CRP识别在病理条件下暴露出PCh的凋亡细胞、酶修饰低密度脂蛋白(enzyme modified low density lipoprotein，E-LDL)等。E-LDL是天然低密度脂蛋白(native Low density lipoprotein，N-LDL)在多种蛋白酶，如胰蛋白酶、神经氨酸酶、胆固醇酯酶等作用下的代谢产物，其主要特点是结构发生改变(N-LDL大小均匀，平均直径250±30 A，E-LDL大小差异极大，直径为100-2000 A)，暴露磷酸胆碱位点，能够被CRP识别；另一面为效应器相，能够与巨噬细胞、单核细胞表面受体FcγRⅡa结合，介导巨噬细胞、单核细胞识别及吞噬凋亡、坏死细胞作用。

After autologous transplantation of sciatic nerve segments into the retinae of adult golden hamsters for 1-4 months, anterograde and retrograde labelling with horseradish peroxidase demonstrated that ganglion cell axons have regrown into the peripheral nerve graft for a distance up to 2 cm.

移植后的视网膜标记神经元细胞体面积分布直方图表明：具有再生纤维的神经元胞体面积范围除包括正常大小的神经节细胞外，还包括相当多的胞体增大的神经元。

The results showed that a large amount of dense precipitate occurred at the medullary sheath and mitochondria in the periaqueductal grey and hypothalamus after the application of electroacupuncture or injection of morphine and T...

电子探针x-射线显微分析证明，这些沉淀颗粒的主要成份是钙。结果提示，从Ca~(2+)分布的改变看，电针、吗啡和Tb~(3+)的镇痛作用十分相似，三者的镇痛效应可能是通过神经细胞膜内、外Ca~(2+)的移动来调控的。

With Death guitarist Schuldiner adopting vocal duties, the band made a major impact on the scene.

随着死亡的吉他手Schuldiner接受主唱的职务，乐队在现实中树立了重要的影响。

But he could still end up breakfasting on Swiss-government issue muesli because all six are accused of nicking around 45 million pounds they should have paid to FIFA.

不过他最后仍有可能沦为瑞士政府&议事餐桌&上的一道早餐，因为这所有六个人都被指控把本应支付给国际足联的大约4500万英镑骗了个精光。