神经外的

Cholecystokinin is a brain-gut peptide with broad biological activities. It is one of the main regulating hormones in the digestive system, and it plays an important physiological role in the central and peripheral nervous system as a neurotransmitter or a neuromodulator.

胆囊收缩素(cholecystokinin， CCK)是一种具有广泛生物学活性的脑肠肽，既是胃肠道主要调节激素之一，还广泛存在于中枢及外周神经系统中以神经递质或神经调质的形式发挥重要的生理作用。

The species of extracellular ATP can participate the effect of nerve system not only as the neurotransmitter and modulator but also has a trophic action to glial cell and neuron. It participates in many courses, e.g. cell differentiation and apoptosis, the morphologic change of chondriosome, to stimulate the synthesis and release of cytokine and nerve growth factor. It has a great influence to neurological growth and plasticity.

细胞外ATP类物质不仅可以作为神经递质及调质参与神经系统的功能，还可对胶质细胞及神经元产生营养作用，广泛参与细胞分化及凋亡、细胞线粒体形态变化、刺激细胞因子及神经生长因子的合成及释放等过程，对神经系统的发育及可塑性变化产生重要的影响。

So people attach great importance to the damage by its toxicity. The main target organ of manganese is nervous system. At the early stage, its major symptoms are neurasthenic syndrome and autonomic nerve functional disorder, and then the apparent damage to extracorticospinal tract nerves, similar to that of a Parkinson's disease.

锰的主要毒作用器官是神经系统，早期以神经衰弱综合征和植物神经功能紊乱为主，继而可出现明显的锥体外系神经受损症状，与帕金森病(Parkinson's disease，PD)症状类似，流行病学研究认为锰是PD发病的环境危险因素之一。

Methods A concept of compartmental localization of heel, including the low area, posterior area, upper area, medial area and lateral area was considered on the base of anatomy, and the difference of soft tissue deepth, compression resistance, confiction resistance, according to which the feeling function was reconstructed by the flaps based on vessel and nerve, or by the flaps based on vessel with nerve anastomasis.

对足跟进行解剖学观察，分别测量各部位软组织厚度，根据各部位承受重力及摩擦程度不同，将跟分为跟底、跟后、跟上、跟内、跟外5个区域。修复时根据各个创面所在区域及软组织厚度不同特点，选择不同的带血管、神经蒂皮瓣或吻合神经的带血管蒂皮瓣转移。

Results The main CTimages of adrenal neuroblastoma in children were bigger extrarenal tumor ,included :huge and irregular mass(6 cases ),regular mass (2 cases),calcification (87cases),cystic degeneration or necrosis (1cases),bleeding(2cases),crossing of the midline (5cases),wrapping retroperitoneal major vessels (4cases),retroperitoneal enlargement of lymphnode (7 cases),The masses were heterogeneous enhancement.

分析2004年10月～2008年10月经手术病理证实的8例儿童肾上腺神经母细胞瘤的CT表现，如形态，密度及周围结构变化情况，结合临床资料，进行综合评价。结果儿童肾上腺神经母细胞瘤为肾外体积较大肿块，其中不规则肿块6例，规则2例，钙化7例，囊变坏死1例，出血2例，越过中线5例，包绕腹膜后大血管4例，腹膜后淋巴结肿大7例，肾脏向后外侧移位6例。

In particular,peripheral contrast enhancement with separations of an intradural extramedullaty tumor on MRI will suggest the diagnosis of schwannoma.

椎管内髓外硬膜下神经鞘瘤的MRI特征，有助于椎管肿瘤的鉴别诊断，尤其是伴有瘤内分隔性周围强化，应提示神经鞘瘤。

From the brain stem at the lateral end of ponto medullary sulcas, the distance between the facial nerve, the vestibulocochlear nerve, the abducenst nerves, and the trigeminal nerve were 2.38±0.65mm, 6.62±0.41mm, 7.59±1.08mm.

面神经在桥延沟的外端起自脑干，与其外侧的前庭蜗神经进入脑干处相距2.38+0.65mm，距外侧展神经6.62±0.41mm，距三叉神经7.59±1.08mm。

Objective:To investigate the effects of denervated skeletal muscle extract on proliferation of Schwann cells in vitro and elucidate the mechanism of proliferation of SCs after peripheral nerve injury.

目的 ：观察去神经支配骨骼肌粗提液在体外培养条件下对雪旺细胞(Schwanncells，SCs)增殖的作用，了解外周神经损伤后SCs大量增殖的机理。

Methods 60 corpses were used to dissect on head and neck unilaterally, and then to observe the number of branches,patterns,relation with external carotid artery and with buccal branch and mental nerve.

观察下颌缘支的支数及分型、与颌外动脉的位置关系、神经走向、与颊支和颏神经吻合情况进行了描述和分析。

Objective: To investigate the effect of obturator nerve blockade guided by peripheral nerve stimulator combined with lower epidural blockade in patients with bladder tumor adjacent to the ureteral orifice.

目的：观察神经刺激仪引导定位闭孔神经阻滞复合低位硬膜外麻醉用于输尿管开口周围的膀胱肿瘤患者经尿道膀胱肿瘤电切术的麻醉效果。

With Death guitarist Schuldiner adopting vocal duties, the band made a major impact on the scene.

随着死亡的吉他手Schuldiner接受主唱的职务，乐队在现实中树立了重要的影响。

But he could still end up breakfasting on Swiss-government issue muesli because all six are accused of nicking around 45 million pounds they should have paid to FIFA.

不过他最后仍有可能沦为瑞士政府&议事餐桌&上的一道早餐，因为这所有六个人都被指控把本应支付给国际足联的大约4500万英镑骗了个精光。