神经发生

Method］from january 2003 to may 2006,32 patients were corrected with qin si-he's orthotics devices on the ilizarov principle of tension-stress,which involved 15 males and 17 females,the age ranged from 10 to 25 years.among these patients,2 were caused by peroneal nerve injury,l by tumor in the vertebral canal,5 by meningocele,11 were caused by poliomyelitis,13 by congenital talipes equino-varus.in accordance with deformities,external fixator and limitied operative methods were dertermined.the limited release of soft tissue were performed in 7 patients,limited osteotomy in 25 patients.the dynamic muscle balance operation were performed in 9 patients with imbalance of muscle strength.according to the ilizarov technique,the fixative rods were installed.the telescopic rods on the apparatus were rotated one week after the operation,the divices had corrective function in three-dimensional directions.the deformity of talipes equinovarus,internal rotation and drooping of the forefoot were gradually corrected,and the patients could bear weight and walked on the deformed foot.the mean duration of traction were 42 days,then removed the external fixator maintained with plaster for a site time.

方法］2003年1月～2006年5月，根据ilizarov张力应力法则，应用秦泗河改良的外固定矫形器，遵循ilizarov穿针固定的基本原则，共手术治疗马蹄内翻足32例，男15例，女17例；年龄10～25岁，平均17岁。病因：腓总神经损伤2例，腰椎管内肿瘤1例，硬脊膜膨出5例，小儿麻痹后遗症11例，先天性马蹄内翻足13例。术前用足掌的前外缘负重行走者11例，用足的外缘或足背外侧负重者21例。根据马蹄内翻足畸形程度、性质和患者年龄，确定实施有限矫形手术的方法和外固定矫形器治疗。本组7例同期实施有限的软组织松解术，25例同期实施了有限的截骨术和跗骨间关节融合术，9例合并踝关节内外翻肌力明显失衡者，同期行足部肌腱转移的肌力平衡术。然后安装外固定矫形器。术后按作者制定的管理程序，7 d开始旋转相应的螺纹牵拉杆，对器械进行三维空间的缓慢调整，先矫正前足内收和后足内翻，后矫正足下垂畸形，直至达到矫形要求的标准。在矫形的过程中定期进行x线检测，以防止发生踝关节前后移位，治疗期间允许患足负重行走。术后平均牵伸42 d，拆外固定器后患足再上石膏固定适当时间。

Resultsthe operating time was from 40 to 200 minutes,the average weight of removed prostate was 25～92（46±22）g, hemorrhage volumn was 75ml during operation. no transurethral resection syndrome and obturator nerve reflex occurred. the 62 patients were followed up for 2～12months,they micturate freely. the symptom of night-urination mend well. the international prostate symptom scoresdecreased from 25.2 to 8.5. the qmax increased from the 5.4ml/s before operation to 16.9ml/s after operation.

结果 手术时间40～200min，切除前列腺组织重量25～92（46±22）g，术中出血量平均75ml，无turp综合征及闭孔神经反射发生。62例患者随访2～12个月，排尿通畅，夜尿症状缓解，ipss评分由术前的平均25.2分下降为术后平均8.5分，qmax由术前8.0ml/s增到18.5ml/s。

For their treatment experiment, the researchers relied on a class of proteins, bone morphogenic proteins, that cause neural stem-cell-like clusters to lose their stem cell properties, which in turn stops their ability to diide.

针对它们的治疗试验，研究者依赖一类骨形态发生蛋白。这种蛋白引起神经母细胞样簇失去母细胞的特性，从而终止了它们的分化能力。

The present findings regarding multisegmental inneration to ertebral bodies may explain the diffuse pain that originates within osteoporotic ertebral fractures in elderly patients.

关于腰椎椎体是由多节段神经支配的研究结果解释了老年患者发生骨质疏松性椎体骨折后为何出现弥散性的疼痛。

Result］ All cases were cured clinically, without infection, musculospiral nerve injury or bone disconnection; the excellence rate was 88.2%.

结果］ 17例病例均达到骨折临床愈合，无感染、桡神经损伤及骨不连发生。

Incision superficial necrosis in 7 cases; depth infection and chronic osteomyelitis in 2 cases; fibular musculotendinous rupture in 1 cases; sural nerves injury in 5 cases; reduction loss in 5 cases.

结果 共发生手术并发症20 例，占11.6％，其中7 例切口缘浅表坏死，2 例深部感染至慢性骨髓炎，1 例腓骨长短肌腱断裂，5 例腓肠神经损伤，5 例复位丢失。

Results: ApoD was observed positively expressed in type2 astrocytes and oligodendrocytes from O2A lineage, while it was not expressed in type1 astrocytes from T1A lineage. Accordingly, we can verify the phenomenon found in the study of T1A and T2A gene different expression profile that ApoD mRNA was highly expressed in T2A and lowly expressed in T1A. Conclusion: It can be concluded that lipid metabolism related genes such as ApoD play important roles in the generation and differentiation of O2A lineage, which closely correlate with internal mechanism of lipid metabolism in the brain and myelogenesis.［Key words］astrocyte(T1A, T2A); oligodendrocyte; O2A lineage; apolipoproteinApoD

我们已采用基因芯片技术在mRNA水平研究两型星形胶质细胞的基因表达谱差异，发现ApoD在2型星形胶质细胞中差异高表达，故本文拟用激光共聚焦双重免疫荧光标记技术进一步在蛋白质水平观察ApoD在体外分化成熟的两型星形胶质细胞以及少突胶质细胞中的表达情况，以期为我们深入研究ApoD等脂代谢相关基因在脑内脂质代谢和神经髓鞘发育机制中所起的作用提供有用的实验依据，依此探讨胶质细胞发生和分化的信号机制。

Tremors, myoclonus, cranial-nerve palsies, and movement disorders also occur, although seizures are unusual.

震颤、肌阵挛、颅神经麻痹以及运动紊乱也可发生，但癫痫样发作不常见。

The expression of nACh α5 subunit and prostaglandin D2 receptor was up-regulated too.

在外周神经损伤后背角中许多信号转导分子的表达发生了显著的改变。

Together with previously reported α neurotoxins in Naja kaouthia and Naja atra, it was found that the α neurotoxins of Naja kaouthia in Yunnan Province were similar to those of Naja atra in Zhejiang and Taiwan Provinces, but different from those of Naja kaouthia in Thailand.

另外泰国孟加拉种眼镜蛇蛇毒中则以长链神经毒素为主。这种现象很难用种群发生的前后或者地理距离的长短来解释，而可能与地区间的气候、地理环境或者眼镜蛇的食物差别相关。

In the negative and interrogative forms, of course, this is identical to the non-emphatic forms.

。但是，在否定句或疑问句里，这种带有"do"的方法表达的效果却没有什么强调的意思。

Go down on one's knees;kneel down

屈膝跪下。。。下跪祈祷